Jim Tcl v0.71 - - overview of the Jim tool command language facilities +
Jim Tcl v0.73 - + reference manual for the Jim Tcl scripting language
Jim is a reimplementation of Tcl, combining some features from -earlier, smaller versions of Tcl (6.x) as well as more modern -features from later versions of Tcl (7.x, 8.x). It also has some some -entirely new features not available in any version of Tcl.
This version is about double the size of "tinytcl" (6.8), depending upon -the features selected, but is significantly faster and has many new features.
Note that most of this man page is the original 6.8 Tcl man page, with -changes made for differences with Jim.
The major differences with Tcl 8.5/8.6 are:
Jim Tcl is a small footprint reimplementation of the Tcl scripting language. +The core language engine is compatible with Tcl 8.5+, while implementing +a significant subset of the Tcl 8.6 command set, plus additional features +available only in Jim Tcl.
Some notable differences with Tcl 8.5/8.6 are:
@@ -628,27 +805,27 @@ Integers are 64bit
-Support for references (ref/getref/setref) and garbage collection +Support for references (ref/getref/setref) and garbage collection
-Builtin dictionary type (dict) with some limitations compared to Tcl 8.6 +Builtin dictionary type (dict) with some limitations compared to Tcl 8.6
-env command to access environment variables +env command to access environment variables
-os.fork, os.wait, os.uptime, rand +Operating system features: os.fork, os.wait, os.uptime, signal, alarm, sleep
-Much better error reporting. info stacktrace as a replacement for errorInfo, errorCode +Much better error reporting. info stacktrace as a replacement for $errorInfo, $errorCode
-Namespaces are not support +Threads and coroutines are not supported
-Variable traces are not supported +Command and variable traces are not supported
-Direct command line editing rather than the history command +Built-in command line editing
-The binary command is not supported +Modular build allows many features to be omitted or built as dynamic, loadable modules +
++Highly suitable for use in an embedded environment +
++Support for UDP, IPv6, Unix-Domain sockets in addition to TCP sockets
+Built-in regexp now support non-capturing parentheses: (?:…) +
++Add string replace +
++Add string totitle +
++Add info statics +
++Add build-jim-ext for easy separate building of loadable modules (extensions) +
++local now works with any command, not just procs +
++Add info alias to access the target of an alias +
++UTF-8 encoding past the basic multilingual plane (BMP) is supported +
++Add tcl::prefix +
++Add history +
++Most extensions are now enabled by default +
++Add support for namespaces and the namespace command +
++Add apply +
++procs now allow args and optional parameters in any position +
++Add Tcl-compatible expr functions, rand(), srand() and pow() +
++Add support for the -force option to file delete +
++Better diagnostics when source fails to load a script with a missing quote or bracket +
++New tcl_platform(pathSeparator) +
++Add support settings the modification time with file mtime +
++exec is now fully supported on win32 (mingw32) +
++Line editing is now supported for the win32 console (mingw32) +
++Add aio listen command +
+-local procs now push existing commands and upcall can call them +local procs now push existing commands and upcall can call them +
++Add loop command (TclX compatible) +
++Add aio buffering command +
++info complete can now return the missing character +
++binary format and binary scan are now (optionally) supported +
++Add string byterange +
++Built-in regexp now support non-greedy repetition (*?, +?, ??)
-Add aio $handle filename +Add aio $handle filename
-Add info channels +Add info channels
-The bio extension is gone. Now aio supports copyto. +The bio extension is gone. Now aio supports copyto.
-Add exists command +Add exists command
-The exec command now only uses vfork(), not fork() +The exec command now only uses vfork(), not fork()
-Optional built-in regexp engines for better Tcl compatibility and UTF-8 support +Optional built-in regexp engine for better Tcl compatibility and UTF-8 support
$ jimsh
-Welcome to Jim version 0.71, Copyright (c) 2005-8 Salvatore Sanfilippo
+Welcome to Jim version 0.73, Copyright (c) 2005-8 Salvatore Sanfilippo
. info version
-0.71
+0.73
. lsort [info commands p*]
package parray pid popen proc puts pwd
. foreach i {a b c} {
@@ -936,25 +1278,25 @@ that command. For example, the command:set a 22
has three fields: the first, set, is the name of a Tcl command, and +
has three fields: the first, set, is the name of a Tcl command, and the last two, a and 22, will be passed as arguments to -the set command. The command name may refer either to a built-in +the set command. The command name may refer either to a built-in Tcl command, an application-specific command bound in with the library procedure Jim_CreateCommand, or a command procedure defined with the -proc built-in command.
Arguments are passed literally as text strings. Individual commands may -interpret those strings in any fashion they wish. The set command, +interpret those strings in any fashion they wish. The set command, for example, will treat its first argument as the name of a variable and its second argument as a string value to assign to that variable. For other commands arguments may be interpreted as integers, lists, file names, or Tcl commands.
Command names should normally be typed completely (e.g. no abbreviations). However, if the Tcl interpreter cannot locate a command it invokes a -special command named unknown which attempts to find or create the +special command named unknown which attempts to find or create the command.
For example, at many sites unknown will search through library +
For example, at many sites unknown will search through library directories for the desired command and create it as a Tcl procedure if -it is found. The unknown command often provides automatic completion +it is found. The unknown command often provides automatic completion of abbreviated commands, but usually only for commands that were typed interactively.
It’s probably a bad idea to use abbreviations in command scripts and @@ -989,7 +1331,7 @@ For example, the command
set a "This is a single argument"
will pass two arguments to set: a and This is a single argument.
will pass two arguments to set: a and This is a single argument.
Within double-quotes, command substitutions, variable substitutions, and backslash substitutions still occur, as described below. If the first character of a command field is not a quote, then quotes receive @@ -1013,13 +1355,13 @@ without any further modification. For example, in the command
set a {xyz a {b c d}}
the set command will receive two arguments: a +
the set command will receive two arguments: a and xyz a {b c d}.
When braces or quotes are in effect, the matching brace or quote need not be on the same line as the starting quote or brace; in this case the newline will be included in the argument field along with any other -characters up to the matching brace or quote. For example, the eval -command takes one argument, which is a command string; eval invokes +characters up to the matching brace or quote. For example, the eval +command takes one argument, which is a command string; eval invokes the Tcl interpreter to execute the command string. The command
set a [set b]
When the set command has only a single argument, it is the name of a -variable and set returns the contents of that variable. In this case, +
When the set command has only a single argument, it is the name of a +variable and set returns the contents of that variable. In this case, if variable b has the value foo, then the command above is equivalent to the command
The dollar sign ($) may be used as a special shorthand form for -substituting variable values. If $ appears in an argument that isn’t +
The dollar sign ($) may be used as a special shorthand form for +substituting variable values. If $ appears in an argument that isn’t enclosed in braces then variable substitution will occur. The characters -after the $, up to the first character that isn’t a number, letter, +after the $, up to the first character that isn’t a number, letter, or underscore, are taken as a variable name and the string value of that variable is substituted for the name.
For example, if variable foo has the value test, then the command
Variable substitution does not occur in arguments that are enclosed in braces: the dollar sign and variable name are passed through to the argument verbatim.
The dollar sign abbreviation is simply a shorthand form. $a is -completely equivalent to [set a]; it is provided as a convenience +
The dollar sign abbreviation is simply a shorthand form. $a is +completely equivalent to [set a]; it is provided as a convenience to reduce typing.
Normally, each command occupies one line (the command is terminated by a -newline character). However, semi-colon (;) is treated as a command +newline character). However, semi-colon (;) is treated as a command separator character; multiple commands may be placed on one line by separating them with a semi-colon. Semi-colons are not treated as command separators if they appear within curly braces or double-quotes.
- The digits ddd (one, two, or three of them) give the octal value of + The digits ddd (one, two, or three of them) give the octal value of the character. Note that Jim supports null characters in strings.
- The hex digits nnnn (between one and four of them) give a unicode codepoint. - The UTF-8 encoding of the codepoint is inserted. + The UTF-8 encoding of the unicode codepoint represented by the hex digits, nnnn, is inserted. + The u form allows for one to four hex digits. + The U form allows for one to eight hex digits. + The u{nnn} form allows for one to eight hex digits, but makes it easier to insert + characters UTF-8 characters which are followed by a hex digit.
set a \{x\[\ yz\141
the second argument to set will be {x[ yza.
the second argument to set will be {x[ yza.
If a backslash is followed by something other than one of the options described above, then the backslash is transmitted to the argument field without any special processing, and the Tcl scanner continues @@ -1341,8 +1692,8 @@ command
set \*a \\\{foo
The first argument to set will be \*a and the second -argument will be \{foo.
The first argument to set will be \*a and the second +argument will be \{foo.
If an argument is enclosed in braces, then backslash sequences inside the argument are parsed but no substitution occurs (except for backslash-newline): the backslash @@ -1356,11 +1707,11 @@ command
set a {\{abc}
the second argument to set will be \{abc.
the second argument to set will be \{abc.
This backslash mechanism is not sufficient to generate absolutely any argument structure; it only covers the most common cases. To produce particularly complicated arguments -it is probably easiest to use the format command along with +it is probably easiest to use the format command along with command substitution.
The second major interpretation applied to strings in Tcl is -as expressions. Several commands, such as expr, for, -and if, treat one or more of their arguments as expressions +as expressions. Several commands, such as expr, for, +and if, treat one or more of their arguments as expressions and call the Tcl expression processors (Jim_ExprLong, Jim_ExprBoolean, etc.) to evaluate them.
The operators permitted in Tcl expressions are a subset of @@ -1581,16 +1932,49 @@ on the right side of the line:
- Unary functions. - int() converts the numeric argument to an integer by truncating down. - double() converts the numeric argument to floating point. - round() converts the numeric argument to the closest integer value. - abs() takes the absolute value of the numeric argument. + Unary functions (except rand() which takes no arguments)
++int() converts the numeric argument to an integer by truncating down. +
++double() converts the numeric argument to floating point. +
++round() converts the numeric argument to the closest integer value. +
++abs() takes the absolute value of the numeric argument. +
++rand() takes the absolute value of the numeric argument. +
++rand() returns a pseudo-random floating-point value in the range (0,1). +
++srand() takes an integer argument to (re)seed the random number generator. Returns the first random number from that seed. +
+- Power. e.g. pow(). If Jim is compiled with math support, supports doubles and - integers. Otherwise supports integers only. + Power. e.g. xy. If Jim is compiled with math support, supports doubles and + integers. Otherwise supports integers only. (Note that the math-function form + has the same highest precedence)
String in list and not in list. For in, result is 1 if the left operand (as a string) is contained in the right operand (as a list), or 0 otherwise. The result for - {$a ni $list} is equivalent to {!($a in $list)}. + {$a ni $list} is equivalent to {!($a in $list)}.
- If-then-else, as in C. If x - evaluates to non-zero, then the result is the value of y. - Otherwise the result is the value of z. - The x operand must have a numeric value, while y and z can + If-then-else, as in C. If x + evaluates to non-zero, then the result is the value of y. + Otherwise the result is the value of z. + The x operand must have a numeric value, while y and z can be of any type.
4*2 < 7
evaluates to 0.
The &&, ||, and ?: operators have lazy -evaluation, just as in C, -which means that operands are not evaluated if they are -not needed to determine the outcome. For example, in
The &&, ||, and ?: operators have lazy evaluation, just as +in C, which means that operands are not evaluated if they are not +needed to determine the outcome. For example, in
$v ? [a] : [b]
only one of [a] or [b] will actually be evaluated, -depending on the value of $v.
only one of [a] or [b] will actually be evaluated, +depending on the value of $v.
All internal computations involving integers are done with the C type long long if available, or long otherwise, and all internal computations involving floating-point are done with the C type @@ -1812,8 +2196,8 @@ among several arguments. For example, the command
expr $a + $b
results in three arguments being passed to expr: $a, -+, and $b. In addition, if the expression isn’t in braces +
results in three arguments being passed to expr: $a, ++, and $b. In addition, if the expression isn’t in braces then the Tcl interpreter will perform variable and command substitution immediately (it will happen in the command parser rather than in the expression parser). In many cases the expression is being @@ -1825,21 +2209,21 @@ evaluated, rather than once and for all at the beginning. For example, the command
for {set i 1} $i<=10 {incr i} {...} *** WRONG ***
+for {set i 1} $i<=10 {incr i} {...} ** WRONG **
is probably intended to iterate over all values of i from 1 to 10. -After each iteration of the body of the loop, for will pass +After each iteration of the body of the loop, for will pass its second argument to the expression evaluator to see whether or not to continue processing. Unfortunately, in this case the value of i in the second argument will be substituted once and for all when the -for command is parsed. If i was 0 before the for -command was invoked then for’s second argument will be 0<=10 +for command is parsed. If i was 0 before the for +command was invoked then the second argument of for will be 0<=10 which will always evaluate to 1, even though i eventually becomes greater than 10. In the above case the loop will never terminate. Instead, the expression should be placed in braces:
for {set i 1} {$i<=10} {incr i} {...} *** RIGHT ***
+for {set i 1} {$i<=10} {incr i} {...} ** RIGHT **
This causes the substitution of i to be delayed; it will be re-done each time the expression is @@ -1881,11 +2265,11 @@ the outermost layer of braces). Command substitution and variable substitution are never made on a list (at least, not by the list-processing commands; the list can always be passed to the Tcl interpreter for evaluation).
The Tcl commands concat, foreach, lappend, lindex, linsert, -list, llength, lrange, lreplace, lsearch, and lsort allow +
The Tcl commands concat, foreach, lappend, lindex, linsert, +list, llength, lrange, lreplace, lsearch, and lsort allow you to build lists, extract elements from them, search them, and perform other list-related functions.
Advanced list commands include lrepeat, lreverse, lmap, lassign, lset.
This will attempt to exec the a command named "ls -l", which will clearly not work. Typically eval and concat are required to solve this problem, however -it can be solved much more easily with {*}.
exec {*}$cmd
This will expand the following argument into individual elements and then evaluate the resulting command.
Note that the official Tcl syntax is {*}, however {expand} is retained +
Note that the official Tcl syntax is {*}, however {expand} is retained for backward compatibility with experimental versions of this feature.
Tcl provides two commands that support string matching using regular -expressions, regexp and regsub, as well as switch -regexp and -lsearch -regexp.
Regular expressions may be implemented one of two ways. Either using the system’s C library POSIX regular expression support, or using the built-in regular expression engine. The differences between these are described below.
-Supported shorthand character classes: \w = +[:alnum:], \d = [:digit:], \s = [:space:] +Supported shorthand character classes: \w = [:alnum:], \d = [:digit:], \s = [:space:]
-No support for the ? non-greedy quantifier. e.g. *? +Support for the ? non-greedy quantifier. e.g. *? +
++Support for non-capuring parentheses (?:…)
- Indicates that the return command has been invoked, and that the - current procedure (or top-level command or source command) + Indicates that the return command has been invoked, and that the + current procedure (or top-level command or source command) should return immediately. The string gives the return value for the procedure or command.
@@ -2021,7 +2410,7 @@ defined in jim.h, and are:- Indicates that the break command has been invoked, so the + Indicates that the break command has been invoked, so the innermost loop should abort immediately. The string should always be empty.
@@ -2031,7 +2420,7 @@ defined in jim.h, and are:- Indicates that the continue command has been invoked, so the + Indicates that the continue command has been invoked, so the innermost loop should go on to the next iteration. The string should always be empty.
@@ -2043,7 +2432,7 @@ defined in jim.h, and are:Indicates that a signal was caught while executing a commands. The string contains the name of the signal caught. - See the signal and catch commands. + See the signal and catch commands.
- Indicates that the command called the exit command. + Indicates that the command called the exit command. The string contains the exit code.
In a few cases, some commands will handle certain error conditions -themselves and not return them upwards. For example, the for -command checks for the JIM_BREAK code; if it occurs, then for +
In a few cases, some commands will handle certain error conditions +themselves and not return them upwards. For example, the for +command checks for the JIM_BREAK code; if it occurs, then for stops executing the body of the loop and returns JIM_OK to its -caller. The for command also handles JIM_CONTINUE codes and the -procedure interpreter handles JIM_RETURN codes. The catch +caller. The for command also handles JIM_CONTINUE codes and the +procedure interpreter handles JIM_RETURN codes. The catch command allows Tcl programs to catch errors and handle them without aborting command interpretation any further.
The info returncodes command may be used to programmatically map between +
The info returncodes command may be used to programmatically map between return codes and names.
The proc command is used to create a new Tcl command procedure:
proc name args ?statics? body
The new command is name name, and it replaces any existing command +
The proc command is used to create a new Tcl command procedure:
proc name arglist ?statics? body
The new command is named name, and it replaces any existing command there may have been by that name. Whenever the new command is -invoked, the contents of body will be executed by the Tcl +invoked, the contents of body will be executed by the Tcl interpreter.
args specifies the formal arguments to the procedure. +
arglist specifies the formal arguments to the procedure. It consists of a list, possibly empty, of the following argument specifiers:
Reference Argument - The caller is expected to pass the name of - an existing variable. An implicit upvar 1 origname name is done + an existing variable. An implicit upvar 1 'origname' 'name' is done to make the variable available in the proc scope.
- Variable Argument - The special name args, which is - assigned all remaining arguments (including none). The + Variable Argument - The special name args, which is + assigned all remaining arguments (including none) as a list. The variable argument may only be specified once. Note that the syntax args newname may be used to retain the special - behaviour of args with a different local name. In this case, - the variable is named newname rather than args. + behaviour of args with a different local name. In this case, + the variable is named newname rather than args.
Arguments must be provided in the following order, any of which -may be omitted:
When the command is invoked, a local variable will be created for each of +the formal arguments to the procedure; its value will be the value +of corresponding argument in the invoking command or the argument’s +default value.
Arguments with default values need not be specified in a procedure +invocation. However, there must be enough actual arguments for all +required arguments, and there must not be any extra actual arguments +(unless the Variable Argument is specified).
Actual arguments are assigned to formal arguments as in left-to-right +order with the following precedence.
-Required Arguments (Left) +Required Arguments (including Reference Arguments)
-Required Arguments (Right) -
-When the command is invoked, a local variable will be created for each of -the formal arguments to the procedure; its value will be the value -of corresponding argument in the invoking command or the argument’s -default value.
Arguments with default values need not be specified in a procedure -invocation. However, there must be enough actual arguments for all -required arguments, and there must not be any extra actual arguments -(unless the Variable Argument is specified).
Actual arguments are assigned to formal arguments as follows:
-Left Required Arguments are assigned from the left -
--Right Required Arguments are assigned from the right -
--Default Arguments are assigned from the left, following the Left Required Arguments. -
--A list is formed from any remaining arguments, which are then - are assigned to the args Variable Argument (if specified). The list will be empty - if there are no remaining arguments. -
-When body is being executed, variable names normally refer to local +
The following example illustrates precedence. Assume a procedure declaration:
proc p {{a A} args b {c C} d} {...}
+This procedure requires at least two arguments, but can accept an unlimited number. +The following table shows how various numbers of arguments are assigned. +Values marked as - are assigned the default value.
| Number of arguments | +a | +args | +b | +c | +d | +
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 |
+- |
+- |
+1 |
+- |
+2 |
+
3 |
+1 |
+- |
+2 |
+- |
+3 |
+
4 |
+1 |
+- |
+2 |
+3 |
+4 |
+
5 |
+1 |
+2 |
+3 |
+4 |
+5 |
+
6 |
+1 |
+2,3 |
+4 |
+5 |
+6 |
+
When body is being executed, variable names normally refer to local variables, which are created automatically when referenced and deleted when the procedure returns. One local variable is automatically created for each of the procedure’s arguments. Global variables can be -accessed by invoking the global command or via the :: prefix.
In addition to procedure arguments, Jim procedures may declare static variables. @@ -2220,14 +2652,14 @@ jim> a jim> a 2 3 1
The static variable a has no initialiser, so it is initialised from +
The static variable a has no initialiser, so it is initialised from the enclosing scope with the value 1. (Note that it is an error if there -is no variable with the same name in the enclosing scope). However b +is no variable with the same name in the enclosing scope). However b has an initialiser, so it is initialised to 2.
Unlike a local variable, the value of a static variable is retained across invocations of the procedure.
See the proc command for information on -how to define procedures and what happens when they are invoked.
See the proc command for information on how to define procedures +and what happens when they are invoked. See also NAMESPACES.
Tcl allows the definition of variables and the use of their values -either through $-style variable substitution, the set +either through $-style variable substitution, the set command, or a few other mechanisms.
Variables need not be declared: a new variable will automatically be created each time a new variable name is used.
To convert a scalar variable to an array or vice versa, remove -the existing variable with the unset command.
The array command provides several features for dealing +the existing variable with the unset command.
The array command provides several features for dealing with arrays, such as querying the names of all the elements of the array and converting between an array and a list.
Variables may be either global or local. If a variable @@ -2278,10 +2710,10 @@ name is used when a procedure isn’t being executed, then it automatically refers to a global variable. Variable names used within a procedure normally refer to local variables associated with that invocation of the procedure. Local variables are deleted whenever -a procedure exits. Either global command may be used to request +a procedure exits. Either global command may be used to request that a name refer to a global variable for the duration of the current procedure (this is somewhat analogous to extern in C), or the variable -may be explicitly scoped with the :: prefix. For example
set a 1 @@ -2320,7 +2752,7 @@ puts $a(2)
two
See the dict command for more details.
See the dict command for more details.
Tcl added namespaces as a mechanism avoiding name clashes, especially in applications +including a number of 3rd party components. While there is less need for namespaces +in Jim Tcl (which does not strive to support large applications), it is convenient to +provide a subset of the support for namespaces to easy porting code from Tcl.
Jim Tcl currently supports "light-weight" namespaces which should be adequate for most +purposes. This feature is currently experimental. See README.namespaces for more information +and the documentation of the namespace command.
The operation ref creates a references to the value specified by the +
The operation ref creates a references to the value specified by the first argument. (The second argument is a "type" used for documentation purposes).
The operation getref is the dereferencing operation which retrieves the value +
The operation getref is the dereferencing operation which retrieves the value stored in the reference.
The operation setref replaces the value stored by the reference. If the old value +
The operation setref replaces the value stored by the reference. If the old value is no longer accessible by any reference, it will eventually be automatically be garbage collected.
With the introduction of references, it is possible to create values whose lifetime transcend their scope. To support this, case, the Jim system will periodically identify and discard objects which are no longer accessible by any reference.
The collect command may be used to force garbage collection. Consider a reference created +
The collect command may be used to force garbage collection. Consider a reference created with a finalizer:
Note that once the reference, r, was modified so that it no longer contained a reference to the value, the garbage collector discarded the value (after calling the finalizer).
The finalizer for a reference may be examined or changed with the finalize command
The finalizer for a reference may be examined or changed with the finalize command
jim> finalize $r @@ -2482,19 +2926,20 @@ when the garbage collector runs.
If Jim is built with UTF-8 support enabled (configure --enable-utf), then most string-related commands become UTF-8 aware. These include, -but are not limited to, string match, split, glob, scan and -format.
UTF-8 encoding has many advantages, but one of the complications is that characters can take a variable number of bytes. Thus the addition of -string bytelength which returns the number of bytes in a string, -while string length returns the number of characters.
If UTF-8 support is not enabled, all commands treat bytes as characters -and string bytelength returns the same value as string length.
Note that even if UTF-8 support is not enabled, the \uNNNN syntax +and string bytelength returns the same value as string length.
Note that even if UTF-8 support is not enabled, the \uNNNN and related syntax is still available to embed UTF-8 sequences.
Jim Tcl supports all currently defined unicode codepoints. That is 21 bits, up to +U+1FFFFF.
Commands such as string match, lsearch -glob, array names and others use string +
Commands such as string match, lsearch -glob, array names and others use string pattern matching rules. These commands support UTF-8. For example:
format %c 0xb5
format respects widths as character widths, not byte widths. For example, the following will +
format respects widths as character widths, not byte widths. For example, the following will return a string with three characters, not three bytes.
format %.3s \ub5\ub6\ub7\ub8
Similarly, scan … %c allows a UTF-8 to be decoded to a unicode codepoint. The following will set -a to 181 (0xb5) and b to 65 (0x41).
scan \u00b5A %c%c a b
scan %s will also accept a character class, including unicode ranges.
scan %s will also accept a character class, including unicode ranges.
string is has not been extended to classify UTF-8 characters. Therefore, the following +
string is has not been extended to classify UTF-8 characters. Therefore, the following will return 0, even though the string may be considered to be alphabetic.
Jim provides a simplified unicode case mapping. This means that case conversion -and comparison will not increase or decrease the number of characters in a string.
string toupper will convert any lowercase letters to their uppercase equivalent. +and comparison will not increase or decrease the number of characters in a string. +(Although it may change the number of bytes).
string toupper will convert any lowercase letters to their uppercase equivalent. Any character which is not a letter or has no uppercase equivalent is left unchanged. -Similarly for string tolower.
Commands which perform case insensitive matches, such as string compare -nocase -and lsearch -nocase fold both strings to uppercase before comparison.
Optional arguments or groups of arguments are indicated by enclosing them in ?question-marks?.
Ellipses (…) indicate that any number of additional +
Ellipses (...) indicate that any number of additional arguments or groups of arguments may appear, in the same format as the preceding argument(s).
alarm seconds
Delivers the SIGALRM signal to the process after the given +
Delivers the SIGALRM signal to the process after the given number of seconds. If the platform supports ualarm(3) then the argument may be a floating point value. Otherwise it must be an integer.
Note that unless a signal handler for SIGALRM has been installed -(see signal), the process will exit on this signal.
Note that unless a signal handler for SIGALRM has been installed +(see signal), the process will exit on this signal.
alias name args…
Creates a single word alias (proc) for one or more words. For example, -the following creates an alias for the command info exists.
alias name args...
Creates a single word alias (command) for one or more words. For example, +the following creates an alias for the command info exists.
alias e info exists
@@ -2761,30 +3217,39 @@ if {[e var]} {
...
}
alias returns name, allowing it to be used with 'local.
See also proc, curry, lambda, local.
append varName value ?value value …?
Append all of the value arguments to the current value -of variable varName. If varName doesn’t exist, +
Append all of the value arguments to the current value +of variable varName. If varName doesn’t exist, it is given a value equal to the concatenation of all the -value arguments.
This command provides an efficient way to build up long variables incrementally. -For example, append a $b is much more efficient than -set a $a$b if $a is long.
apply lambdaExpr ?arg1 arg2 ...?
array option arrayName ?arg arg …?
array option arrayName ?arg...?
This command performs one of several operations on the -variable given by arrayName.
Note that in general, if the named array does not exist, the array command behaves +variable given by arrayName.
Note that in general, if the named array does not exist, the array command behaves as though the array exists but is empty.
The option argument determines what action is carried out by the -command. The legal options (which may be abbreviated) are:
The option argument determines what action is carried out by the +command. The legal options (which may be abbreviated) are:
Returns 1 if arrayName is an array variable, 0 if there is no variable by that name. This command is essentially - identical to info exists + identical to info exists
break
case string ?in? patList body ?patList body …?
case string ?in? {patList body ?patList body …?}
Note that the switch command should generally be preferred unless compatibility +
case string ?in? patList body ?patList body …?
case string ?in? {patList body ?patList body …?}
Note that the switch command should generally be preferred unless compatibility with Tcl 6.x is desired.
Match string against each of the patList arguments -in order. If one matches, then evaluate the following body argument +
Match string against each of the patList arguments +in order. If one matches, then evaluate the following body argument by passing it recursively to the Tcl interpreter, and return the result -of that evaluation. Each patList argument consists of a single +of that evaluation. Each patList argument consists of a single pattern or list of patterns. Each pattern may contain any of the wild-cards -described under string match.
If a patList argument is default, the corresponding body will be -evaluated if no patList matches string. If no patList argument -matches string and no default is given, then the case command returns +described under string match.
If a patList argument is default, the corresponding body will be +evaluated if no patList matches string. If no patList argument +matches string and no default is given, then the case command returns an empty string.
Two syntaxes are provided.
The first uses a separate argument for each of the patterns and commands; @@ -2901,11 +3366,11 @@ the elements of the list being the patterns and commands.
The second form makes it easy to construct multi-line case commands, since the braces around the whole list make it unnecessary to include a backslash at the end of each line.
Since the patList arguments are in braces in the second form, +
Since the patList arguments are in braces in the second form, no command or variable substitutions are performed on them; this makes the behaviour of the second form different than the first form in some cases.
Below are some examples of case commands:
Below are some examples of case commands:
case abc in {a b} {format 1} default {format 2} a* {format 3}
@@ -2935,32 +3400,32 @@ cases.catch ?-?no?code …? ?--? command ?resultVarName? ?optionsVarName?
The catch command may be used to prevent errors from aborting -command interpretation. Catch evaluates command, and returns a +
catch ?-?no?code ...? ?--? command ?resultVarName? ?optionsVarName?
The catch command may be used to prevent errors from aborting +command interpretation. catch evaluates command, and returns a JIM_OK code, regardless of any errors that might occur while -executing command (with the possible exception of JIM_SIGNAL - +executing command (with the possible exception of JIM_SIGNAL - see below).
The return value from catch is a decimal string giving the code -returned by the Tcl interpreter after executing command. This -will be 0 (JIM_OK) if there were no errors in command; otherwise +
The return value from catch is a decimal string giving the code +returned by the Tcl interpreter after executing command. This +will be 0 (JIM_OK) if there were no errors in command; otherwise it will have a non-zero value corresponding to one of the exceptional return codes (see jim.h for the definitions of code values, or the -info returncodes command).
If the resultVarName argument is given, then it gives the name -of a variable; catch will set the value of the variable to the -string returned from command (either a result or an error message).
If the optionsVarName argument is given, then it gives the name -of a variable; catch will set the value of the variable to a +info returncodes command).
If the resultVarName argument is given, then it gives the name +of a variable; catch will set the value of the variable to the +string returned from command (either a result or an error message).
If the optionsVarName argument is given, then it gives the name +of a variable; catch will set the value of the variable to a dictionary. For any return code other than JIM_RETURN, the value for the key -code will be set to the return code. For JIM_RETURN -it will be set to the code given in return -code. Additionally, +it will be set to the code given in return -code. Additionally, for the return code JIM_ERR, the value of the key -errorinfo -will contain the current stack trace (the same result as info -stacktrace), the value of the key -errorcode will contain the +will contain the current stack trace (the same result as info stacktrace), +the value of the key -errorcode will contain the same value as the global variable $::errorCode, and the value of -the key -level will be the current return level (see return --level). This can be useful to rethrow an error:
if {[catch {...} msg opts]} {
@@ -2969,22 +3434,22 @@ the key -level will be the current return level (see return
return {*}$opts $msg
}
Normally catch will not catch any of the codes JIM_EXIT, JIM_EVAL or JIM_SIGNAL. +
Normally catch will not catch any of the codes JIM_EXIT, JIM_EVAL or JIM_SIGNAL. The set of codes which will be caught may be modified by specifying the one more codes before -command.
e.g. To catch JIM_EXIT but not JIM_BREAK or JIM_CONTINUE
catch -exit -nobreak -nocontinue -- { ... }
The use of -- is optional. It signifies that no more return code options follow.
Note that if a signal marked as signal handle is caught with catch -signal, the return value -(stored in resultVarName) is name of the signal caught.
cd dirName
Change the current working directory to dirName.
Change the current working directory to dirName.
Returns an empty string.
This command can potentially be disruptive to an application, so it may be removed in some applications.
close fileId
fileId close
Closes the file given by fileId. -fileId must be the return value from a previous invocation -of the open command; after this command, it should not be +
Closes the file given by fileId. +fileId must be the return value from a previous invocation +of the open command; after this command, it should not be used anymore.
collect
Normally reference garbage collection is automatically performed periodically. -However it may be run immediately with the collect command.
See GARBAGE COLLECTION, REFERENCES, LAMBDA for more detail.
concat arg ?arg …?
concat arg ?arg ...?
This command treats each argument as a list and concatenates them into a single list. It permits any number of arguments. For example, the command
continue
This command may be invoked only inside the body of a loop command such -as for or foreach or while. It returns a JIM_CONTINUE code to +as for or foreach or while. It returns a JIM_CONTINUE code to signal the innermost containing loop command to skip the remainder of the loop’s body but continue with the next iteration of the loop.
alias args…
Similar to alias except it creates an anonymous procedure (lambda) instead of +
alias args...
Similar to alias except it creates an anonymous procedure (lambda) instead of a named procedure.
the following creates a local, unnamed alias for the command info exists.
the following creates a local, unnamed alias for the command info exists.
set e [local curry info exists]
@@ -3075,18 +3540,18 @@ if {[$e var]} {
...
}
curry returns the name of the procedure.
See also proc, alias, lambda, local.
curry returns the name of the procedure.
dict option ?arg arg …?
dict option ?arg...?
Performs one of several operations on dictionary values.
The option argument determines what action is carried out by the -command. The legal options are:
The option argument determines what action is carried out by the +command. The legal options are:
@@ -3097,25 +3562,25 @@ command. The legal options are:
Returns a boolean value indicating whether the given key (or path of keys through a set of nested dictionaries) exists in the given - dictionary value. This returns a true value exactly when dict get + dictionary value. This returns a true value exactly when dict get on that path will succeed.
Given a dictionary value (first argument) and a key (second argument), this will retrieve the value for that key. Where several keys are supplied, the behaviour of the command shall be as if the result - of dict get $dictVal $key was passed as the first argument to + of "dict get $dictVal $key" was passed as the first argument to dict get with the remaining arguments as second (and possibly subsequent) arguments. This facilitates lookups in nested dictionaries. If no keys are provided, dict would return a list containing pairs @@ -3126,33 +3591,34 @@ command. The legal options are:
Returns a list of the keys in the dictionary. If pattern is specified, then only those keys whose - names match pattern (using the matching rules of string + names match pattern (using the matching rules of string match) are included.
- Returns a list of the keys in the dictionary. - If pattern is specified, then only those keys whose - names match pattern (using the matching rules of string - match) are included. + Return a dictionary that contains the contents of each of the + dictionary arguments. Where two (or more) dictionaries + contain a mapping for the same key, the resulting dictionary + maps that key to the value according to the last dictionary on + the command line containing a mapping for that key.
- This operation takes the name of a variable containing a dictionary + This operation takes the name of a variable containing a dictionary value and places an updated dictionary value in that variable containing a mapping from the given key to the given value. When multiple keys are present, this operation creates or updates a chain @@ -3160,11 +3626,19 @@ command. The legal options are:
- This operation (the companion to dict set) takes the name of a + Return the number of key/value mappings in the given dictionary value. +
++ This operation (the companion to dict set) takes the name of a variable containing a dictionary value and places an updated dictionary value in that variable that does not contain a mapping for the given key. Where multiple keys are present, this describes @@ -3173,39 +3647,69 @@ command. The legal options are:
+ Execute the Tcl script in script with the value for each + key in dictionaryName mapped to a variable with the same + name. Where one or more keys are given, these indicate a chain + of nested dictionaries, with the innermost dictionary being the + one opened out for the execution of body. Making dictionaryName + unreadable will make the updates to the dictionary be discarded, + and this also happens if the contents of dictionaryName are + adjusted so that the chain of dictionaries no longer exists. + The result of dict with is (unless some kind of error occurs) + the result of the evaluation of body. +
++ The variables are mapped in the scope enclosing the dict with; + it is recommended that this command only be used in a local + scope (procedure). Because of this, the variables set by + dict with will continue to exist after the command finishes (unless + explicitly unset). Note that changes to the contents of dictionaryName + only happen when script terminates. +
+env ?name? ?default?
If name is supplied, returns the value of name from the initial -environment (see getenv(3)). An error is returned if name does not -exist in the environment, unless default is supplied - in which case +
If name is supplied, returns the value of name from the initial +environment (see getenv(3)). An error is returned if name does not +exist in the environment, unless default is supplied - in which case that value is returned instead.
If no arguments are supplied, returns a list of all environment variables -and their values as {name value …}
See also the global variable ::env
See also the global variable ::env
eof fileId
fileId eof
Returns 1 if an end-of-file condition has occurred on fileId, +
Returns 1 if an end-of-file condition has occurred on fileId, 0 otherwise.
fileId must have been the return value from a previous call to open, -or it may be stdin, stdout, or stderr to refer to one of the +
fileId must have been the return value from a previous call to open, +or it may be stdin, stdout, or stderr to refer to one of the standard I/O channels.
error message ?stacktrace?
Returns a JIM_ERR code, which causes command interpretation to be -unwound. message is a string that is returned to the application +unwound. message is a string that is returned to the application to indicate what went wrong.
If the stacktrace argument is provided and is non-empty, +
If the stacktrace argument is provided and is non-empty, it is used to initialize the stacktrace.
This feature is most useful in conjunction with the catch command: -if a caught error cannot be handled successfully, stacktrace can be used +
This feature is most useful in conjunction with the catch command: +if a caught error cannot be handled successfully, stacktrace can be used to return a stack trace reflecting the original point of occurrence of the error:
See also errorInfo, info stacktrace, catch and return
See also error.
See also error.
eval arg ?arg …?
eval takes one or more arguments, which together comprise a Tcl +
eval arg ?arg...?
eval takes one or more arguments, which together comprise a Tcl command (or collection of Tcl commands separated by newlines in the -usual way). eval concatenates all its arguments in the same -fashion as the concat command, passes the concatenated string to the +usual way). eval concatenates all its arguments in the same +fashion as the concat command, passes the concatenated string to the Tcl interpreter recursively, and returns the result of that evaluation (or any error generated by it).
exec arg ?arg …?
exec arg ?arg...?
This command treats its arguments as the specification of one or more UNIX commands to execute as subprocesses. The commands take the form of a standard shell pipeline; -| arguments separate commands in the +| arguments separate commands in the pipeline and cause standard output of the preceding command -to be piped into standard input of the next command (or |& for +to be piped into standard input of the next command (or |& for both standard output and standard error).
Under normal conditions the result of the exec command +
Under normal conditions the result of the exec command consists of the standard output produced by the last command in the pipeline.
If any of the commands in the pipeline exit abnormally or -are killed or suspended, then exec will return an error +are killed or suspended, then exec will return an error and the error message will include the pipeline’s output followed by error messages describing the abnormal terminations.
If any of the commands writes to its standard error file, -then exec will return an error, and the error message +then exec will return an error, and the error message will include the pipeline’s output, followed by messages about abnormal terminations (if any), followed by the standard error output.
An arg may have one of the following special forms:
An arg may have one of the following special forms:
The standard output of the last command in the pipeline - is redirected to the file. In this situation exec + is redirected to the file. In this situation exec will normally return an empty string.
The standard output of the last command in the pipeline is redirected to the given (writable) file descriptor (e.g. stdout, - stderr, or the result of open). In this situation exec + stderr, or the result of open). In this situation exec will normally return an empty string.
@@ -3380,7 +3884,7 @@ Tcl return values.If there is no redirection of standard input, standard error or standard output, these are connected to the corresponding input or output of the application.
If the last arg is & then the command will be +
If the last arg is & then the command will be executed in background. In this case the standard output from the last command in the pipeline will @@ -3389,16 +3893,16 @@ redirected in the command, and error output from all the commands in the pipeline will go to the application’s standard error file. The return value of exec in this case is a list of process ids (pids) in the pipeline.
Each arg becomes one word for a command, except for -|, <, <<, >, and & arguments, and the -arguments that follow <, <<, and >.
Each arg becomes one word for a command, except for +|, <, <<, >, and & arguments, and the +arguments that follow <, <<, and >.
The first word in each command is taken as the command name; the directories in the PATH environment variable are searched for an executable by the given name.
No glob expansion or other shell-like substitutions +
No glob expansion or other shell-like substitutions are performed on the arguments to commands.
If the command fails, the global $::errorCode (and the -errorcode -option in catch) will be set to a list, as follows:
exists ?-var|-proc|-command? name
Checks the existence of the given variable, procedure or command -respectively and returns 1 if it exists or 0 if not. This command -provides a more simplified/convenient version of info exists, -info procs and info commands.
exists ?-var|-proc|-command|-alias? name
Checks the existence of the given variable, procedure, command +or alias respectively and returns 1 if it exists or 0 if not. This command +provides a more simplified/convenient version of info exists, +info procs and info commands.
If the type is omitted, a type of -var is used. The type may be abbreviated.
exit ?returnCode?
Terminate the process, returning returnCode to the +
Terminate the process, returning returnCode to the parent as the exit status.
If returnCode isn’t specified then it defaults +
If returnCode isn’t specified then it defaults to 0.
Note that exit can be caught with catch.
Note that exit can be caught with catch.
expr arg
Calls the expression processor to evaluate arg, and returns +
Calls the expression processor to evaluate arg, and returns the result as a string. See the section EXPRESSIONS above.
Note that Jim supports a shorthand syntax for expr as $(…) +
Note that Jim supports a shorthand syntax for expr as $(...) The following two are identical.
file option name ?arg arg …?
Operate on a file or a file name. name is the name of a file.
Option indicates what to do with the file name. Any unique -abbreviation for option is acceptable. The valid options are:
file option name ?arg...?
Operate on a file or a file name. name is the name of a file.
option indicates what to do with the file name. Any unique +abbreviation for option is acceptable. The valid options are:
- Return a decimal string giving the time at which file name + Return a decimal string giving the time at which file name was last accessed. The time is measured in the standard UNIX fashion as seconds from a fixed starting time (often January 1, 1970). If the file doesn’t exist or its access time cannot be queried then an @@ -3500,17 +4004,19 @@ abbreviation for option is acceptable. The valid options are:<
- Copies file source to file target. The source file must exist. - The target file must not exist, unless -force is specified. + Copies file source to file target. The source file must exist. + The target file must not exist, unless -force is specified.
- Deletes file or directory name. If the file or directory doesn’t exist, nothing happens. - If it can’t be deleted, an error is generated. Non-empty directories will not be deleted. + Deletes file or directory name. If the file or directory doesn’t exist, nothing happens. + If it can’t be deleted, an error is generated. Non-empty directories will not be deleted + unless the -force options is given. In this case no errors will be generated, even + if the file/directory can’t be deleted.
- Return all of the characters in name up to but not including - the last slash character. If there are no slashes in name - then return . (a single dot). If the last slash in name is its first - character, then return /. + Return all of the characters in name up to but not including + the last slash character. If there are no slashes in name + then return . (a single dot). If the last slash in name is its first + character, then return /.
- Return 1 if file name is executable by + Return 1 if file name is executable by the current user, 0 otherwise.
- Return 1 if file name exists and the current user has + Return 1 if file name exists and the current user has search privileges for the directories leading to it, 0 otherwise.
- Return all of the characters in name after and including the - last dot in name. If there is no dot in name then return + Return all of the characters in name after and including the + last dot in name. If there is no dot in name then return the empty string.
- Return 1 if file name is a directory, + Return 1 if file name is a directory, 0 otherwise.
- Return 1 if file name is a regular file, + Return 1 if file name is a regular file, 0 otherwise.
Joins multiple path components. Note that if any components is an absolute path, the preceding components are ignored. - Thus file join /tmp /root returns /root. + Thus "file join /tmp /root" returns "/root".
- Same as stat option (see below) except uses the lstat - kernel call instead of stat. This means that if name - refers to a symbolic link the information returned in varName + Same as stat option (see below) except uses the lstat + kernel call instead of stat. This means that if name + refers to a symbolic link the information returned in varName is for the link rather than the file it refers to. On systems that don’t support symbolic links this option behaves exactly the same as the stat option.
- Creates each directory specified. For each pathname dir specified, + Creates each directory specified. For each pathname dir specified, this command will create all non-existing parent directories - as well as dir itself. If an existing directory is specified, + as well as dir itself. If an existing directory is specified, then no action is taken and no error is returned. Trying to overwrite an existing file with a directory will result in an error. Arguments are processed in the order specified, halting @@ -3608,15 +4114,16 @@ abbreviation for option is acceptable. The valid options are:<
- Return a decimal string giving the time at which file name + Return a decimal string giving the time at which file name was last modified. The time is measured in the standard UNIX fashion as seconds from a fixed starting time (often January 1, 1970). If the file doesn’t exist or its modified time cannot be queried then an - error is generated. + error is generated. If time is given, sets the modification time + of the file to the given value.
- Return the normalized path of name. See realpath(3). + Return the normalized path of name. See realpath(3).
- Return 1 if file name is owned by the current user, + Return 1 if file name is owned by the current user, 0 otherwise.
- Return 1 if file name is readable by + Return 1 if file name is readable by the current user, 0 otherwise.
- Returns the value of the symbolic link given by name (i.e. the + Returns the value of the symbolic link given by name (i.e. the name of the file it points to). If - name isn’t a symbolic link or its value cannot be read, then + name isn’t a symbolic link or its value cannot be read, then an error is returned. On systems that don’t support symbolic links this option is undefined.
@@ -3670,9 +4177,9 @@ abbreviation for option is acceptable. The valid options are:<- Return all of the characters in name up to but not including - the last . character in the name. If name doesn’t contain - a dot, then return name. + Return all of the characters in name up to but not including + the last . character in the name. If name doesn’t contain + a dot, then return name.
- Return a decimal string giving the size of file name in bytes. + Return a decimal string giving the size of file name in bytes. If the file doesn’t exist or its size cannot be queried then an error is generated.
@@ -3690,10 +4197,10 @@ abbreviation for option is acceptable. The valid options are:<- Invoke the stat kernel call on name, and use the - variable given by varName to hold information returned from + Invoke the stat kernel call on name, and use the + variable given by varName to hold information returned from the kernel call. - VarName is treated as an array variable, + varName is treated as an array variable, and the following elements of that variable are set: atime, ctime, dev, gid, ino, mode, mtime, nlink, size, type, uid. @@ -3701,7 +4208,7 @@ abbreviation for option is acceptable. The valid options are:< the corresponding field from the stat return structure; see the manual entry for stat for details on the meanings of the values. The type element gives the type of the file in the same form - returned by the command file type. + returned by the command file type. This command returns an empty string.
- Return all of the characters in name after the last slash. - If name contains no slashes then return name. + Return all of the characters in name after the last slash. + If name contains no slashes then return name.
- Creates and returns the name of a unique temporary file. If template is omitted, a - default template will be used to place the file in /tmp. See mkstemp(3) for + Creates and returns the name of a unique temporary file. If template is omitted, a + default template will be used to place the file in /tmp. See mkstemp(3) for the format of the template and security concerns.
- Returns a string giving the type of file name, which will be - one of file, directory, characterSpecial, - blockSpecial, fifo, link, or socket. + Returns a string giving the type of file name, which will be + one of file, directory, characterSpecial, + blockSpecial, fifo, link, or socket.
- Return 1 if file name is writable by + Return 1 if file name is writable by the current user, 0 otherwise.
The file commands that return 0/1 results are often used in +
The file commands that return 0/1 results are often used in conditional or looping commands, for example:
if {![file exists foo]} then {error {bad file name}} else {...}
+if {![file exists foo]} {
+ error {bad file name}
+} else {
+ ...
+}
finalize reference ?command?
If command is omitted, returns the finalizer command for the given reference.
Otherwise, sets a new finalizer command for the given reference. command may be +
If command is omitted, returns the finalizer command for the given reference.
Otherwise, sets a new finalizer command for the given reference. command may be the empty string to remove the current finalizer.
The reference must be a valid reference create with the ref +
The reference must be a valid reference create with the ref command.
See GARBAGE COLLECTION, REFERENCES, LAMBDA for more detail.
flush fileId
fileId flush
Flushes any output that has been buffered for fileId. fileId must -have been the return value from a previous call to open, or it may be -stdout or stderr to access one of the standard I/O streams; it must +
Flushes any output that has been buffered for fileId. fileId must +have been the return value from a previous call to open, or it may be +stdout or stderr to access one of the standard I/O streams; it must refer to a file that was opened for writing. This command returns an empty string.
for start test next body
For is a looping command, similar in structure to the C for statement. -The start, next, and body arguments must be Tcl command strings, -and test is an expression string.
The for command first invokes the Tcl interpreter to execute start. -Then it repeatedly evaluates test as an expression; if the result is -non-zero it invokes the Tcl interpreter on body, then invokes the Tcl -interpreter on next, then repeats the loop. The command terminates -when test evaluates to 0.
If a continue command is invoked within body then any remaining -commands in the current execution of body are skipped; processing -continues by invoking the Tcl interpreter on next, then evaluating -test, and so on.
If a break command is invoked within body or next, then the for +
for is a looping command, similar in structure to the C for statement. +The start, next, and body arguments must be Tcl command strings, +and test is an expression string.
The for command first invokes the Tcl interpreter to execute start. +Then it repeatedly evaluates test as an expression; if the result is +non-zero it invokes the Tcl interpreter on body, then invokes the Tcl +interpreter on next, then repeats the loop. The command terminates +when test evaluates to 0.
If a continue command is invoked within body then any remaining +commands in the current execution of body are skipped; processing +continues by invoking the Tcl interpreter on next, then evaluating +test, and so on.
The operation of break and continue are similar to the corresponding +
-For returns an empty string.
for returns an empty string.
foreach varName list body
foreach varList list ?varList2 list2 …? body
In this command, varName is the name of a variable, list -is a list of values to assign to varName, and body is a +
foreach varList list ?varList2 list2 ...? body
In this command, varName is the name of a variable, list +is a list of values to assign to varName, and body is a collection of Tcl commands.
For each field in list (in order from left to right),foreach assigns -the contents of the field to varName (as if the lindex command +
For each field in list (in order from left to right), foreach assigns +the contents of the field to varName (as if the lindex command had been used to extract the field), then calls the Tcl interpreter to -execute body.
If instead of being a simple name, varList is used, multiple assignments -are made each time through the loop, one for each element of varList.
For example, if there are two elements in varList and six elements in +execute body.
If instead of being a simple name, varList is used, multiple assignments +are made each time through the loop, one for each element of varList.
For example, if there are two elements in varList and six elements in the list, the loop will be executed three times.
If the length of the list doesn’t evenly divide by the number of elements -in varList, the value of the remaining variables in the last iteration +in varList, the value of the remaining variables in the last iteration of the loop are undefined.
The break and continue statements may be invoked inside body, -with the same effect as in the for command.
foreach returns an empty string.
The break and continue statements may be invoked inside body, +with the same effect as in the for command.
foreach returns an empty string.
format formatString ?arg arg …?
format formatString ?arg ...?
This command generates a formatted string in the same way as the C sprintf procedure (it uses sprintf in its -implementation). FormatString indicates how to format -the result, using % fields as in sprintf, and the additional +implementation). formatString indicates how to format +the result, using % fields as in sprintf, and the additional arguments, if any, provide values to be substituted into the result.
All of the sprintf options are valid; see the sprintf -man page for details. Each arg must match the expected type -from the % field in formatString; the format command +man page for details. Each arg must match the expected type +from the % field in formatString; the format command converts each argument to the correct type (floating, integer, etc.) before passing it to sprintf for formatting.
The only unusual conversion is for %c; in this case the argument +
The only unusual conversion is for %c; in this case the argument must be a decimal string, which will then be converted to the corresponding ASCII character value.
Format does backslash substitution on its formatString -argument, so backslash sequences in formatString will be handled +
format does backslash substitution on its formatString +argument, so backslash sequences in formatString will be handled correctly even if the argument is in braces.
The return value from format is the formatted string.
The return value from format is the formatted string.
getref reference
Returns the string associated with reference. The reference must -be a valid reference create with the ref command.
Returns the string associated with reference. The reference must +be a valid reference create with the ref command.
See GARBAGE COLLECTION, REFERENCES, LAMBDA for more detail.
gets fileId ?varName?
fileId gets ?varName?
Reads the next line from the file given by fileId and discards +
Reads the next line from the file given by fileId and discards the terminating newline character.
If varName is specified, then the line is placed in the variable +
If varName is specified, then the line is placed in the variable by that name and the return value is a count of the number of characters read (not including the newline).
If the end of the file is reached before reading -any characters then -1 is returned and varName is set to an +any characters then -1 is returned and varName is set to an empty string.
If varName is not specified then the return value will be +
If varName is not specified then the return value will be the line (minus the newline character) or an empty string if the end of the file is reached before reading any characters.
An empty string will also be returned if a line contains no characters -except the newline, so eof may have to be used to determine +except the newline, so eof may have to be used to determine what really happened.
If the last character in the file is not a newline character, then -gets behaves as if there were an additional newline character +gets behaves as if there were an additional newline character at the end of the file.
fileId must be stdin or the return value from a previous -call to open; it must refer to a file that was opened +
fileId must be stdin or the return value from a previous +call to open; it must refer to a file that was opened for reading.
glob ?-nocomplain? pattern ?pattern …?
glob ?-nocomplain? pattern ?pattern ...?
This command performs filename globbing, using csh rules. The returned -value from glob is the list of expanded filenames.
If -nocomplain is specified as the first argument then an empty +value from glob is the list of expanded filenames.
If -nocomplain is specified as the first argument then an empty list may be returned; otherwise an error is returned if the expanded -list is empty. The -nocomplain argument must be provided +list is empty. The -nocomplain argument must be provided exactly: an abbreviation will not be accepted.
global varName ?varName …?
global varName ?varName ...?
This command is ignored unless a Tcl procedure is being interpreted. -If so, then it declares each given varName to be a global variable +If so, then it declares each given varName to be a global variable rather than a local one. For the duration of the current procedure (and only while executing in the current procedure), any reference to -varName will be bound to a global variable instead +varName will be bound to a global variable instead of a local one.
An alternative to using global is to use the :: prefix +
An alternative to using global is to use the :: prefix to explicitly name a variable in the global scope.
if expr1 ?then? body1 elseif expr2 ?then? body2 elseif … ?else? ?bodyN?
The if command evaluates expr1 as an expression (in the same way -that expr evaluates its argument). The value of the expression must -be numeric; if it is non-zero then body1 is executed by passing it to +
if expr1 ?then? body1 elseif expr2 ?then? body2 elseif ... ?else? ?bodyN?
The if command evaluates expr1 as an expression (in the same way +that expr evaluates its argument). The value of the expression must +be numeric; if it is non-zero then body1 is executed by passing it to the Tcl interpreter.
Otherwise expr2 is evaluated as an expression and if it is non-zero -then body2 is executed, and so on.
If none of the expressions evaluates to non-zero then bodyN is executed.
The then and else arguments are optional noise words to make the +
Otherwise expr2 is evaluated as an expression and if it is non-zero +then body2 is executed, and so on.
If none of the expressions evaluates to non-zero then bodyN is executed.
The then and else arguments are optional "noise words" to make the command easier to read.
There may be any number of elseif clauses, including zero. bodyN -may also be omitted as long as else is omitted too.
There may be any number of elseif clauses, including zero. bodyN +may also be omitted as long as else is omitted too.
The return value from the command is the result of the body script that was executed, or an empty string if none of the expressions was non-zero -and there was no bodyN.
incr varName ?increment?
Increment the value stored in the variable whose name is varName. +
Increment the value stored in the variable whose name is varName. The value of the variable must be integral.
If increment is supplied then its value (which must be an -integer) is added to the value of variable varName; otherwise -1 is added to varName.
The new value is stored as a decimal string in variable varName +
If increment is supplied then its value (which must be an +integer) is added to the value of variable varName; otherwise +1 is added to varName.
The new value is stored as a decimal string in variable varName and also returned as result.
If the variable does not exist, the variable is implicitly created and set to 0 first.
Provide information about various internals to the Tcl interpreter. -The legal option's (which may be abbreviated) are: +The legal option's (which may be abbreviated) are:
Returns a list containing the names of the arguments to procedure - procname, in order. Procname must be the name of a + procname, in order. procname must be the name of a Tcl command procedure.
+ command must be an alias created with alias. In which case the target + command and arguments, as passed to alias are returned. See exists -alias +
+- Returns the body of procedure procname. Procname must be + Returns the body of procedure procname. procname must be the name of a Tcl command procedure.
- Returns a list of all open aio channels. -
-- Returns a list of all open file handles from open or socket + Returns a list of all open file handles from open or socket
- If pattern isn’t specified, returns a list of names of all the + If pattern isn’t specified, returns a list of names of all the Tcl commands, including both the built-in commands written in C and - the command procedures defined using the proc command. - If pattern is specified, only those names matching pattern + the command procedures defined using the proc command. + If pattern is specified, only those names matching pattern are returned. Matching is determined using the same rules as for - string match. + string match.
- Returns 1 if command is a complete Tcl command in the sense of + Returns 1 if command is a complete Tcl command in the sense of having no unclosed quotes, braces, brackets or array element names, If the command doesn’t appear to be complete then 0 is returned. This command is typically used in line-oriented input environments to allow users to type in commands that span multiple lines; if the command isn’t complete, the script can delay evaluating it until additional - lines have been typed to complete the command. + lines have been typed to complete the command. If varName is specified, the + missing character is stored in the variable with that name.
- Returns 1 if the variable named varName exists in the + Returns 1 if the variable named varName exists in the current context (either as a global or local variable), returns 0 otherwise.
@@ -4009,15 +4522,15 @@ The legal option's (which may be abbreviated) are:- If number is not specified, this command returns a number - which is the same result as info level - the current stack frame level. - If number is specified, then the result is a list consisting of the procedure, - filename and line number for the procedure call at level number on the stack. - If number is positive then it selects a particular stack level (1 refers + If number is not specified, this command returns a number + which is the same result as info level - the current stack frame level. + If number is specified, then the result is a list consisting of the procedure, + filename and line number for the procedure call at level number on the stack. + If number is positive then it selects a particular stack level (1 refers to the top-most active procedure, 2 to the procedure it called, and so on); otherwise it gives a level relative to the current level (0 refers to the current procedure, -1 to its caller, and so on). - The level has an identical meaning to info level. + The level has an identical meaning to info level.
- If pattern isn’t specified, returns a list of all the names + If pattern isn’t specified, returns a list of all the names of currently-defined global variables. - If pattern is specified, only those names matching pattern + If pattern is specified, only those names matching pattern are returned. Matching is determined using the same rules as for - string match. + string match.
- An alias for os.gethostname for compatibility with Tcl 6.x + An alias for os.gethostname for compatibility with Tcl 6.x
- If number is not specified, this command returns a number + If number is not specified, this command returns a number giving the stack level of the invoking procedure, or 0 if the - command is invoked at top-level. If number is specified, + command is invoked at top-level. If number is specified, then the result is a list consisting of the name and arguments for the - procedure call at level number on the stack. If number + procedure call at level number on the stack. If number is positive then it selects a particular stack level (1 refers to the top-most active procedure, 2 to the procedure it called, and so on); otherwise it gives a level relative to the current level (0 refers to the current procedure, -1 to its caller, and so on). - See the uplevel command for more information on what stack + See the uplevel command for more information on what stack levels mean.
- If pattern isn’t specified, returns a list of all the names + If pattern isn’t specified, returns a list of all the names of currently-defined local variables, including arguments to the - current procedure, if any. Variables defined with the global - and upvar commands will not be returned. If pattern is - specified, only those names matching pattern are returned. - Matching is determined using the same rules as for string match. + current procedure, if any. Variables defined with the global + and upvar commands will not be returned. If pattern is + specified, only those names matching pattern are returned. + Matching is determined using the same rules as for string match.
Returns the name of the binary file from which the application - was invoked, either - as a path relative to the current directory or as a full - path. If the path can’t be determined, returns the empty - string. + was invoked. A full path will be returned, unless the path + can’t be determined, in which case the empty string will be returned.
- If pattern isn’t specified, returns a list of all the + If pattern isn’t specified, returns a list of all the names of Tcl command procedures. - If pattern is specified, only those names matching pattern + If pattern is specified, only those names matching pattern are returned. Matching is determined using the same rules as for - string match. + string match.
Returns a list representing the mapping of standard return codes - to names. e.g. {0 ok 1 error 2 return …}. If a code is given, + to names. e.g. {0 ok 1 error 2 return ...}. If a code is given, instead returns the name for the given code.
If a Tcl script file is currently being evaluated (i.e. there is a call to Jim_EvalFile active or there is an active invocation - of the source command), then this command returns the name + of the source command), then this command returns the name of the innermost file being processed. Otherwise the command returns an empty string.
@@ -4141,8 +4652,19 @@ The legal option's (which may be abbreviated) are:- After an error is caught with catch, returns the stack trace as a list - of {procedure filename line …}. + After an error is caught with catch, returns the stack trace as a list + of {procedure filename line ...}. +
++ Returns a dictionary of the static variables of procedure + procname. procname must be the name of a Tcl command + procedure. An empty dictionary is returned if the procedure has + no static variables.
- Returns the version number for this version of Jim in the form x.yy. + Returns the version number for this version of Jim in the form x.yy.
- If pattern isn’t specified, + If pattern isn’t specified, returns a list of all the names of currently-visible variables, including both locals and currently-visible globals. - If pattern is specified, only those names matching pattern + If pattern is specified, only those names matching pattern are returned. Matching is determined using the same rules as for - string match. + string match.
join list ?joinString?
The list argument must be a valid Tcl list. This command returns the -string formed by joining all of the elements of list together with -joinString separating each adjacent pair of elements.
The joinString argument defaults to a space character.
The list argument must be a valid Tcl list. This command returns the +string formed by joining all of the elements of list together with +joinString separating each adjacent pair of elements.
The joinString argument defaults to a space character.
kill ?SIG|-0? pid
Sends the given signal to the process identified by pid.
Sends the given signal to the process identified by pid.
The signal may be specified by name or number in one of the following forms:
The signal name may be in either upper or lower case.
The special signal name -0 simply checks that a signal could be sent.
The special signal name -0 simply checks that a signal could be sent.
If no signal is specified, SIGTERM is used.
An error is raised if the signal could not be delivered.
lambda args ?statics? body
The lambda command is identical to proc, except rather than +
The lambda command is identical to proc, except rather than creating a named procedure, it creates an anonymous procedure and returns the name of the procedure.
See proc and GARBAGE COLLECTION, REFERENCES, LAMBDA for more detail.
See proc and GARBAGE COLLECTION, REFERENCES, LAMBDA for more detail.
lappend varName value ?value value …?
Treat the variable given by varName as a list and append each of -the value arguments to that list as a separate element, with spaces +
lappend varName value ?value value ...?
Treat the variable given by varName as a list and append each of +the value arguments to that list as a separate element, with spaces between elements.
If varName doesn’t exist, it is created as a list with elements given -by the value arguments. lappend is similar to append except that -each value is appended as a list element rather than raw text.
If varName doesn’t exist, it is created as a list with elements given +by the value arguments. lappend is similar to append except that +each value is appended as a list element rather than raw text.
This command provides a relatively efficient way to build up large lists. -For example, lappend a $b is much more efficient than
lappend a $b+
is much more efficient than
set a [concat $a [list $b]]
when $a is long.
when $a is long.
lassign list varName ?varName? …
This command treats the value list as a list and assigns successive elements from that list to -the variables given by the varName arguments in order. If there are more variable names than +
lassign list varName ?varName ...?
This command treats the value list as a list and assigns successive elements from that list to +the variables given by the varName arguments in order. If there are more variable names than list elements, the remaining variables are set to the empty string. If there are more list ele- ments than variables, a list of unassigned elements is returned.
local args
Executes it’s arguments as a command (per eval) and considers the return -value to be a procedure name, which is marked as having local scope. +
local cmd ?arg...?
First, local evaluates cmd with the given arguments. The return value must +be the name of an existing command, which is marked as having local scope. This means that when the current procedure exits, the specified -procedure is deleted. This can be useful with lambda or simply -local procedures.
In addition, if a command already exists with the same name, the existing command will be kept rather than deleted, and may be called -via upcall. The previous command will be restored when the current -command is deleted. See upcall for more details.
In this example, a local procedure is created. Note that the procedure continues to have global scope while it is active.
loop var first limit ?incr? body
Similar to for except simpler and possibly more efficient. +With a positive increment, equivalent to:
for {set var $first} {$var < $limit} {incr var $incr} $body
+If incr is not specified, 1 is used. +Note that setting the loop variable inside the loop does not +affect the loop count.
lindex list index
Treats list as a Tcl list and returns element index from it +
Treats list as a Tcl list and returns element index from it (0 refers to the first element of the list). -See STRING AND LIST INDEX SPECIFICATIONS for all allowed forms for index.
In extracting the element, lindex observes the same rules concerning +See STRING AND LIST INDEX SPECIFICATIONS for all allowed forms for index.
In extracting the element, lindex observes the same rules concerning braces and quotes and backslashes as the Tcl command interpreter; however, variable substitution and command substitution do not occur.
If index is negative or greater than or equal to the number of elements -in value, then an empty string is returned.
If index is negative or greater than or equal to the number of elements +in value, then an empty string is returned.
linsert list index element ?element element …?
This command produces a new list from list by inserting all -of the element arguments just before the element index -of list. Each element argument will become -a separate element of the new list. If index is less than +
linsert list index element ?element element ...?
This command produces a new list from list by inserting all +of the element arguments just before the element index +of list. Each element argument will become +a separate element of the new list. If index is less than or equal to zero, then the new elements are inserted at the -beginning of the list. If index is greater than or equal +beginning of the list. If index is greater than or equal to the number of elements in the list, then the new elements are appended to the list.
See STRING AND LIST INDEX SPECIFICATIONS for all allowed forms for index.
See STRING AND LIST INDEX SPECIFICATIONS for all allowed forms for index.
list arg ?arg …?
This command returns a list comprised of all the arguments, arg. Braces -and backslashes get added as necessary, so that the index command +
list arg ?arg ...?
This command returns a list comprised of all the arguments, arg. Braces +and backslashes get added as necessary, so that the lindex command may be used on the result to re-extract the original arguments, and also -so that eval may be used to execute the resulting list, with -arg1 comprising the command’s name and the other args comprising -its arguments. List produces slightly different results than -concat: concat removes one level of grouping before forming -the list, while list works directly from the original arguments. +so that eval may be used to execute the resulting list, with +arg1 comprising the command’s name and the other args comprising +its arguments. list produces slightly different results than +concat: concat removes one level of grouping before forming +the list, while list works directly from the original arguments. For example, the command
a b {c d e} {f {g h}}
while concat with the same arguments will return
while concat with the same arguments will return
a b c d e f {g h}
@@ -4353,14 +4893,14 @@ For example, the commandllength list
Treats list as a list and returns a decimal string giving +
Treats list as a list and returns a decimal string giving the number of elements in it.
lset varName ?index ..? newValue
Sets an element in a list.
The lset command accepts a parameter, varName, which it interprets +
The lset command accepts a parameter, varName, which it interprets as the name of a variable containing a Tcl list. It also accepts zero or more indices into the list. Finally, it accepts a new value for an element of varName. If no indices are presented, the command @@ -4371,19 +4911,19 @@ takes the form:
In this case, newValue replaces the old value of the variable varName.
When presented with a single index, the lset command +
When presented with a single index, the lset command treats the content of the varName variable as a Tcl list. It addresses the index’th element in it (0 refers to the first element of the -list). When interpreting the list, lset observes the same rules +list). When interpreting the list, lset observes the same rules concerning braces and quotes and backslashes as the Tcl command interpreter; however, variable substitution and command substitution do not occur. The command constructs a new list in which the designated element is replaced with newValue. This new list is stored in the variable varName, and is also the return value from -the lset command.
If index is negative or greater than or equal to the number of elements in $varName, then an error occurs.
See STRING AND LIST INDEX SPECIFICATIONS for all allowed forms for index.
See STRING AND LIST INDEX SPECIFICATIONS for all allowed forms for index.
If additional index arguments are supplied, then each argument is used in turn to address an element within a sublist designated by the previous indexing operation, allowing the script to alter @@ -4392,18 +4932,18 @@ elements in sublists. The command,
lset a 1 2 newValue
replaces element 2 of sublist 1 with newValue.
replaces element 2 of sublist 1 with newValue.
The integer appearing in each index argument must be greater than or equal to zero. The integer appearing in each index argument must be strictly less than the length of the corresponding list. In other -words, the lset command cannot change the size of a list. If an +words, the lset command cannot change the size of a list. If an index is outside the permitted range, an error is reported.
lmap varName list body
lmap varList list ?varList2 list2 …? body
lmap is a "collecting foreach" which returns a list of its results.
lmap varList list ?varList2 list2 ...? body
For example:
If the body invokes continue, no value is added for this iteration. -If the body invokes break, the loop ends and no more values are added.
load filename
Loads the dynamic extension, filename. Generally the filename should have -the extension .so. The initialisation function for the module must be based +
Loads the dynamic extension, filename. Generally the filename should have +the extension .so. The initialisation function for the module must be based on the name of the file. For example loading hwaccess.so will invoke -the initialisation function, Jim_hwaccessInit. Normally the load command -should not be used directly. Instead it is invoked automatically by package require.
lrange list first last
List must be a valid Tcl list. This command will return a new -list consisting of elements first through last, inclusive.
See STRING AND LIST INDEX SPECIFICATIONS for all allowed forms for first and last.
If last is greater than or equal to the number of elements -in the list, then it is treated as if it were end.
If first is greater than last then an empty string +
list must be a valid Tcl list. This command will return a new +list consisting of elements first through last, inclusive.
See STRING AND LIST INDEX SPECIFICATIONS for all allowed forms for first and last.
If last is greater than or equal to the number of elements +in the list, then it is treated as if it were end.
If first is greater than last then an empty string is returned.
Note: lrange list first first does not always produce the -same result as lindex list first (although it often does +
Note: "lrange list first first" does not always produce the +same result as "lindex list first" (although it often does for simple fields that aren’t enclosed in braces); it does, however, -produce exactly the same results as list [lindex list first]
lreplace list first last ?element element …?
lreplace list first last ?element element ...?
Returns a new list formed by replacing one or more elements of -list with the element arguments.
First gives the index in list of the first element +list with the element arguments.
first gives the index in list of the first element to be replaced.
If first is less than zero then it refers to the first -element of list; the element indicated by first +
If first is less than zero then it refers to the first +element of list; the element indicated by first must exist in the list.
Last gives the index in list of the last element -to be replaced; it must be greater than or equal to first.
See STRING AND LIST INDEX SPECIFICATIONS for all allowed forms for first and last.
The element arguments specify zero or more new arguments to +
last gives the index in list of the last element +to be replaced; it must be greater than or equal to first.
See STRING AND LIST INDEX SPECIFICATIONS for all allowed forms for first and last.
The element arguments specify zero or more new arguments to be added to the list in place of those that were deleted.
Each element argument will become a separate element of +
Each element argument will become a separate element of the list.
If no element arguments are specified, then the elements -between first and last are simply deleted.
If no element arguments are specified, then the elements +between first and last are simply deleted.
lrepeat number element1 ?element2 …?
Build a list by repeating elements number times (which must be +
lrepeat number element1 ?element2 ...?
Build a list by repeating elements number times (which must be a positive integer).
lsearch ?options? list pattern
This command searches the elements list to see if one of them matches pattern. If so, the -command returns the index of the first matching element (unless the options -all, -inline or -bool are +
This command searches the elements list to see if one of them matches pattern. If so, the +command returns the index of the first matching element (unless the options -all, -inline or -bool are specified.) If not, the command returns -1. The option arguments indicates how the elements of the list are to be matched against pattern and must have one of the values below:
Note that this command is different from Tcl in that default match type is -exact rather than -glob.
Note that this command is different from Tcl in that default match type is -exact rather than -glob.
- pattern is a literal string that is compared for exact equality against each list element. + pattern is a literal string that is compared for exact equality against each list element. This is the default.
- pattern is a glob-style pattern which is matched against each list element using the same + pattern is a glob-style pattern which is matched against each list element using the same rules as the string match command.
- pattern is treated as a regular expression and matched against each list element using - the rules described by regexp. + pattern is treated as a regular expression and matched against each list element using + the rules described by regexp.
+ cmdname is a command which is used to match the pattern against each element of the + list. It is invoked as cmdname ?-nocase? pattern listvalue and should return 1 + for a match, or 0 for no match. +
+Changes the result to be the list of all matching indices (or all matching values if - -inline is specified as well). If indices are returned, the indices will be in numeric + -inline is specified as well). If indices are returned, the indices will be in numeric order. If values are returned, the order of the values will be the order of those values within the input list.
The matching value is returned instead of its index (or an empty string if no value - matches). If -all is also specified, then the result of the command is the list of all - values that matched. The -inline and -bool options are mutually exclusive. + matches). If -all is also specified, then the result of the command is the list of all + values that matched. The -inline and -bool options are mutually exclusive.
- Changes the result to 1 if a match was found, or 0 otherwise. If -all is also specified, + Changes the result to 1 if a match was found, or 0 otherwise. If -all is also specified, the result will be a list of 0 and 1 for each element of the list depending upon whether - the corresponding element matches. The -inline and -bool options are mutually exclusive. + the corresponding element matches. The -inline and -bool options are mutually exclusive.
This negates the sense of the match, returning the index (or value - if -inline is specified) of the first non-matching value in the - list. If -bool is also specified, the 0 will be returned if a - match is found, or 1 otherwise. If -all is also specified, + if -inline is specified) of the first non-matching value in the + list. If -bool is also specified, the 0 will be returned if a + match is found, or 1 otherwise. If -all is also specified, non-matches will be returned rather than matches.
@@ -4572,22 +5122,22 @@ the list are to be matched against pattern and must have one of the values below
lsort ?-index listindex? ?-integer|-command cmdname? ?-decreasing|-increasing? list
Sort the elements of list, returning a new list in sorted order. +
Sort the elements of list, returning a new list in sorted order. By default, ASCII sorting is used, with the result in increasing order.
If -integer is specified, numeric sorting is used.
If -command cmdname is specified, cmdname is treated as a command -name. For each comparison, cmdname $value1 $value2 is called which +
If -integer is specified, numeric sorting is used.
If -command cmdname is specified, cmdname is treated as a command +name. For each comparison, cmdname $value1 $value2 is called which should compare the values and return an integer less than, equal -to, or greater than zero if the $value1 is to be considered less -than, equal to, or greater than $value2, respectively.
If -decreasing is specified, the resulting list is in the opposite -order to what it would be otherwise. -increasing is the default.
If -index listindex is specified, each element of the list is treated as a list and +to, or greater than zero if the $value1 is to be considered less +than, equal to, or greater than $value2, respectively.
If -decreasing is specified, the resulting list is in the opposite +order to what it would be otherwise. -increasing is the default.
If -index listindex is specified, each element of the list is treated as a list and the given index is extracted from the list for comparison. The list index may -be any valid list index, such as 1, end or end-2.
If -index listindex is specified, each element of the list is treated as a list and +be any valid list index, such as 1, end or end-2.
If -index listindex is specified, each element of the list is treated as a list and the given index is extracted from the list for comparison. The list index may -be any valid list index, such as 1, end or end-2.
open |command-pipeline ?access?
Opens a file and returns an identifier that may be used in future invocations -of commands like read, puts, and close. -fileName gives the name of the file to open.
The access argument indicates the way in which the file is to be accessed. +of commands like read, puts, and close. +fileName gives the name of the file to open.
The access argument indicates the way in which the file is to be accessed. It may have any of the following values:
Access defaults to r.
If a file is opened for both reading and writing, then seek +
access defaults to r.
If a file is opened for both reading and writing, then seek must be invoked between a read and a write, or vice versa.
If the first character of fileName is "|" then the remaining -characters of fileName are treated as a list of arguments that +
If the first character of fileName is "|" then the remaining +characters of fileName are treated as a list of arguments that describe a command pipeline to invoke, in the same style as the arguments for exec. In this case, the channel identifier returned by open may be used to write to the command’s input pipe or read -from its output pipe, depending on the value of access. If write-only -access is used (e.g. access is w), then standard output for the +from its output pipe, depending on the value of access. If write-only +access is used (e.g. access is w), then standard output for the pipeline is directed to the current standard output unless overridden -by the command. If read-only access is used (e.g. access is r), +by the command. If read-only access is used (e.g. access is r), standard input for the pipeline is taken from the current standard input unless overridden by the command.
The pid command may be used to return the process ids of the commands +
The pid command may be used to return the process ids of the commands forming the command pipeline.
See also socket, pid, exec
package provide name ?version?
Indicates that the current script provides the package named name. +
Indicates that the current script provides the package named name. If no version is specified, 1.0 is used.
Any script which provides a package may include this statement as the first statement, although it is not required.
package require name ?version?*
Searches for the package with the given name by examining each path +
Searches for the package with the given name by examining each path in $::auto_path and trying to load $path/$name.so as a dynamic extension, or $path/$name.tcl as a script package.
The first such file which is found is considered to provide the the package. (The version number is ignored).
If $name.so exists, it is loaded with the load command, -otherwise if $name.tcl exists it is loaded with the source command.
If load or source fails, package require will fail immediately. +
+pid
pid fileId
The first form returns the process identifier of the current process.
The second form accepts a handle returned by open and returns a list -of the process ids forming the pipeline in the same form as exec … &. +
The second form accepts a handle returned by open and returns a list +of the process ids forming the pipeline in the same form as exec ... &. If fileId represents a regular file handle rather than a command pipeline, the empty string is returned instead.
See also open, exec
proc name args ?statics? body
The proc command creates a new Tcl command procedure, name. -When the new command is invoked, the contents of body will be executed. -Tcl interpreter. args specifies the formal arguments to the procedure. -If specified, static, declares static variables which are bound to the +
The proc command creates a new Tcl command procedure, name. +When the new command is invoked, the contents of body will be executed. +Tcl interpreter. args specifies the formal arguments to the procedure. +If specified, static, declares static variables which are bound to the procedure.
See PROCEDURES for detailed information about Tcl procedures.
The proc command returns name (which is useful with local).
When a procedure is invoked, the procedure’s return value is the -value specified in a return command. If the procedure doesn’t -execute an explicit return, then its return value is the value +value specified in a return command. If the procedure doesn’t +execute an explicit return, then its return value is the value of the last command executed in the procedure’s body.
If an error occurs while executing the procedure body, then the procedure-as-a-whole will return that same error.
puts ?-nonewline? ?fileId? string
fileId puts ?-nonewline? string
Writes the characters given by string to the file given -by fileId. fileId must have been the return -value from a previous call to open, or it may be -stdout or stderr to refer to one of the standard I/O +
Writes the characters given by string to the file given +by fileId. fileId must have been the return +value from a previous call to open, or it may be +stdout or stderr to refer to one of the standard I/O channels; it must refer to a file that was opened for writing.
In the first form, if no fileId is specified then it defaults to stdout. -puts normally outputs a newline character after string, -but this feature may be suppressed by specifying the -nonewline +
In the first form, if no fileId is specified then it defaults to stdout. +puts normally outputs a newline character after string, +but this feature may be suppressed by specifying the -nonewline switch.
Output to files is buffered internally by Tcl; the flush +
Output to files is buffered internally by Tcl; the flush command may be used to force buffered characters to be output.
rand ?min? ?max?
Returns a random integer between min (defaults to 0) and max +
Returns a random integer between min (defaults to 0) and max (defaults to the maximum integer).
If only one argument is given, it is interpreted as max.
If only one argument is given, it is interpreted as max.
range ?start? end ?step?
Returns a list of integers starting at start (defaults to 0) -and ranging up to but not including end in steps of step defaults to 1).
Returns a list of integers starting at start (defaults to 0) +and ranging up to but not including end in steps of step defaults to 1).
jim> range 5 @@ -4772,42 +5322,42 @@ jim> range 7 4 -2read fileId numBytes
fileId read numBytes
In the first form, all of the remaining bytes are read from the file -given by fileId; they are returned as the result of the command. -If the -nonewline switch is specified then the last +given by fileId; they are returned as the result of the command. +If the -nonewline switch is specified then the last character of the file is discarded if it is a newline.
-In the second form, the extra argument specifies how many bytes to read; exactly this many bytes will be read and returned, unless there are fewer than -numBytes bytes left in the file; in this case, all the remaining +numBytes bytes left in the file; in this case, all the remaining bytes are returned.
+fileId must be stdin or the return value from a previous call -to open; it must refer to a file that was opened for reading.
fileId must be stdin or the return value from a previous call +to open; it must refer to a file that was opened for reading.
regexp ?-nocase? ?-line? ?-indices? ?-start offset? ?-all? ?-inline? ?--? exp string ?matchVar? ?subMatchVar subMatchVar …?
Determines whether the regular expression exp matches part or -all of string and returns 1 if it does, 0 if it doesn’t.
regexp ?-nocase? ?-line? ?-indices? ?-start offset? ?-all? ?-inline? ?--? exp string ?matchVar? ?subMatchVar subMatchVar ...?
Determines whether the regular expression exp matches part or +all of string and returns 1 if it does, 0 if it doesn’t.
See REGULAR EXPRESSIONS above for complete information on the -syntax of exp and how it is matched against string.
If additional arguments are specified after string then they +syntax of exp and how it is matched against string.
If additional arguments are specified after string then they are treated as the names of variables to use to return -information about which part(s) of string matched exp. -matchVar will be set to the range of string that -matched all of exp. The first subMatchVar will contain -the characters in string that matched the leftmost parenthesized -subexpression within exp, the next subMatchVar will +information about which part(s) of string matched exp. +matchVar will be set to the range of string that +matched all of exp. The first subMatchVar will contain +the characters in string that matched the leftmost parenthesized +subexpression within exp, the next subMatchVar will contain the characters that matched the next parenthesized -subexpression to the right in exp, and so on.
Normally, matchVar and the each subMatchVar are set to hold the -matching characters from string, however see -indices and --inline below.
If there are more values for subMatchVar than parenthesized subexpressions -within exp, or if a particular subexpression in exp doesn’t +subexpression to the right in exp, and so on.
Normally, matchVar and the each subMatchVar are set to hold the +matching characters from string, however see -indices and +-inline below.
If there are more values for subMatchVar than parenthesized subexpressions +within exp, or if a particular subexpression in exp doesn’t match the string (e.g. because it was in a portion of the expression -that wasn’t matched), then the corresponding subMatchVar will be -set to "-1 -1" if -indices has been specified or to an empty +that wasn’t matched), then the corresponding subMatchVar will be +set to "-1 -1" if -indices has been specified or to an empty string otherwise.
The following switches modify the behaviour of regexp
The following switches modify the behaviour of regexp
Use newline-sensitive matching. By default, newline is a completely ordinary character with no special meaning in - either REs or strings. With this flag, [ bracket expressions - and . never match newline, a anchor matches the null + either REs or strings. With this flag, [ bracket expressions + and . never match newline, a anchor matches the null string after any newline in the string in addition to its normal - function, and the $ anchor matches the null string before any + function, and the $ anchor matches the null string before any newline in the string in addition to its normal function.
@@ -4850,9 +5400,9 @@ string otherwise.Specifies a character index offset into the string at which to start - matching the regular expression. If -indices is + matching the regular expression. If -indices is specified, the indices will be indexed starting from the - absolute beginning of the input string. offset will be + absolute beginning of the input string. offset will be constrained to the bounds of the input string.
Causes the command to return, as a list, the data that would otherwise - be placed in match variables. When using -inline, match variables - may not be specified. If used with -all, the list will be concatenated + be placed in match variables. When using -inline, match variables + may not be specified. If used with -all, the list will be concatenated at each iteration, such that a flat list is always returned. For each match iteration, the command will append the overall match data, plus one element for each subexpression in the regular @@ -4887,7 +5437,7 @@ string otherwise.
Marks the end of switches. The argument following this one will be - treated as exp even if it starts with a -. + treated as exp even if it starts with a -.
regsub ?-nocase? ?-all? ?-line? ?-start offset? ?--? exp string subSpec ?varName?
This command matches the regular expression exp against -string using the rules described in REGULAR EXPRESSIONS +
This command matches the regular expression exp against +string using the rules described in REGULAR EXPRESSIONS above.
If varName is specified, the commands stores string to varName +
If varName is specified, the commands stores string to varName with the substitutions detailed below, and returns the number of -substitutions made (normally 1 unless -all is specified). +substitutions made (normally 1 unless -all is specified). This is 0 if there were no matches.
If varName is not specified, the substituted string will be returned +
If varName is not specified, the substituted string will be returned instead.
When copying string, the portion of string that -matched exp is replaced with subSpec. -If subSpec contains a & or \0, then it is replaced -in the substitution with the portion of string that -matched exp.
If subSpec contains a \n, where n is a digit +
When copying string, the portion of string that +matched exp is replaced with subSpec. +If subSpec contains a & or \0, then it is replaced +in the substitution with the portion of string that +matched exp.
If subSpec contains a \n, where n is a digit between 1 and 9, then it is replaced in the substitution with -the portion of string that matched the n-th -parenthesized subexpression of exp. -Additional backslashes may be used in subSpec to prevent special -interpretation of & or \0 or \n or +the portion of string that matched the n'-th +parenthesized subexpression of exp. +Additional backslashes may be used in subSpec to prevent special +interpretation of & or \0 or \n or backslash.
The use of backslashes in subSpec tends to interact badly +
The use of backslashes in subSpec tends to interact badly with the Tcl parser’s use of backslashes, so it’s generally -safest to enclose subSpec in braces if it includes +safest to enclose subSpec in braces if it includes backslashes.
The following switches modify the behaviour of regsub
The following switches modify the behaviour of regsub
- Upper-case characters in string are converted to lower-case - before matching against exp; however, substitutions - specified by subSpec use the original unconverted form - of string. + Upper-case characters in string are converted to lower-case + before matching against exp; however, substitutions + specified by subSpec use the original unconverted form + of string.
- All ranges in string that match exp are found and substitution + All ranges in string that match exp are found and substitution is performed for each of these ranges, rather than only the - first. The & and \n sequences are handled for + first. The & and \n sequences are handled for each substitution using the information from the corresponding match.
@@ -4952,10 +5502,10 @@ backslashes.Use newline-sensitive matching. By default, newline is a completely ordinary character with no special meaning in - either REs or strings. With this flag, [ bracket expressions - and . never match newline, a anchor matches the null + either REs or strings. With this flag, [ bracket expressions + and . never match newline, a anchor matches the null string after any newline in the string in addition to its normal - function, and the $ anchor matches the null string before any + function, and the $ anchor matches the null string before any newline in the string in addition to its normal function.
@@ -4965,7 +5515,7 @@ backslashes.Specifies a character index offset into the string at which to - start matching the regular expression. offset will be + start matching the regular expression. offset will be constrained to the bounds of the input string.
Marks the end of switches. The argument following this one will be - treated as exp even if it starts with a -. + treated as exp even if it starts with a -.
ref string tag ?finalizer?
Create a new reference containing string of type tag. -If finalizer is specified, it is a command which will be invoked +
Create a new reference containing string of type tag. +If finalizer is specified, it is a command which will be invoked when the a garbage collection cycle runs and this reference is no longer accessible.
The finalizer is invoked as:
+finalizer 'reference string'++
finalizer reference string
See GARBAGE COLLECTION, REFERENCES, LAMBDA for more detail.
rename oldName newName
Rename the command that used to be called oldName so that it -is now called newName. If newName is an empty string -(e.g. {}) then oldName is deleted. The rename command +
Rename the command that used to be called oldName so that it +is now called newName. If newName is an empty string +(e.g. {}) then oldName is deleted. The rename command returns an empty string as result.
return ?-code code? ?-errorinfo stacktrace? ?-errorcode errorcode? ?-level n? ?value?
Return immediately from the current procedure (or top-level command -or source command), with value as the return value. If value +or source command), with value as the return value. If value is not specified, an empty string will be returned as result.
If -code is specified (as either a number or ok, error, break, +
If -code is specified (as either a number or ok, error, break, continue, signal, return or exit), this code will be used instead of JIM_OK. This is generally useful when implementing flow of control commands.
If -level is specified and greater than 1, it has the effect of delaying -the new return code from -code. This is useful when rethrowing an error -from catch. See the implementation of try/catch in tclcompat.tcl for +
If -level is specified and greater than 1, it has the effect of delaying +the new return code from -code. This is useful when rethrowing an error +from catch. See the implementation of try/catch in tclcompat.tcl for an example of how this is done.
Note: The following options are only used when -code is JIM_ERR.
If -errorinfo is specified (as returned from info stacktrace) +
Note: The following options are only used when -code is JIM_ERR.
If -errorinfo is specified (as returned from info stacktrace) it is used to initialize the stacktrace.
If -errorcode is specified, it is used to set the global variable $::errorCode.
If -errorcode is specified, it is used to set the global variable $::errorCode.
scan string format varName1 ?varName2 …?
scan string format varName1 ?varName2 ...?
This command parses fields from an input string in the same fashion -as the C sscanf procedure. String gives the input to be parsed -and format indicates how to parse it, using % fields as in +as the C sscanf procedure. string gives the input to be parsed +and format indicates how to parse it, using % fields as in sscanf. All of the sscanf options are valid; see the sscanf -man page for details. Each varName gives the name of a variable; -when a field is scanned from string, the result is converted back -into a string and assigned to the corresponding varName. The +man page for details. Each varName gives the name of a variable; +when a field is scanned from string, the result is converted back +into a string and assigned to the corresponding varName. The only unusual conversion is for %c. For %c conversions a single character value is converted to a decimal string, which is then -assigned to the corresponding varName; no field width may be +assigned to the corresponding varName; no field width may be specified for this conversion.
seek fileId offset ?origin?
fileId seek offset ?origin?
Change the current access position for fileId. -The offset and origin arguments specify the position at -which the next read or write will occur for fileId. -offset must be a number (which may be negative) and origin +
Change the current access position for fileId. +The offset and origin arguments specify the position at +which the next read or write will occur for fileId. +offset must be a number (which may be negative) and origin must be one of the following:
- The new access position will be offset bytes from the start + The new access position will be offset bytes from the start of the file.
- The new access position will be offset bytes from the current - access position; a negative offset moves the access position + The new access position will be offset bytes from the current + access position; a negative offset moves the access position backwards in the file.
- The new access position will be offset bytes from the end of - the file. A negative offset places the access position before - the end-of-file, and a positive offset places the access position + The new access position will be offset bytes from the end of + the file. A negative offset places the access position before + the end-of-file, and a positive offset places the access position after the end-of-file.
The origin argument defaults to start.
fileId must have been the return value from a previous call to -open, or it may be stdin, stdout, or stderr to refer to one +
The origin argument defaults to start.
fileId must have been the return value from a previous call to +open, or it may be stdin, stdout, or stderr to refer to one of the standard I/O channels.
This command returns an empty string.
set varName ?value?
Returns the value of variable varName.
If value is specified, then set the value of varName to value, +
Returns the value of variable varName.
If value is specified, then set the value of varName to value, creating a new variable if one doesn’t already exist, and return its value.
If varName contains an open parenthesis and ends with a +
If varName contains an open parenthesis and ends with a close parenthesis, then it refers to an array element: the characters before the open parenthesis are the name of the array, and the characters between the parentheses are the index within the array. -Otherwise varName refers to a scalar variable.
If no procedure is active, then varName refers to a global +Otherwise varName refers to a scalar variable.
If no procedure is active, then varName refers to a global variable.
If a procedure is active, then varName refers to a parameter -or local variable of the procedure, unless the global command -has been invoked to declare varName to be global.
The :: prefix may also be used to explicitly reference a variable +
If a procedure is active, then varName refers to a parameter +or local variable of the procedure, unless the global command +has been invoked to declare varName to be global.
The :: prefix may also be used to explicitly reference a variable in the global scope.
setref reference string
Store a new string in reference, replacing the existing string. -The reference must be a valid reference create with the ref +
Store a new string in reference, replacing the existing string. +The reference must be a valid reference create with the ref command.
See GARBAGE COLLECTION, REFERENCES, LAMBDA for more detail.
Command for signal handling.
See kill for the different forms which may be used to specify signals.
See kill for the different forms which may be used to specify signals.
Commands which return a list of signal names do so using the canonical form: "SIGINT SIGTERM".
@@ -5130,7 +5680,7 @@ command.
@@ -5138,13 +5688,13 @@ command.
@@ -5155,15 +5705,15 @@ command.
Returns a list of signals which have been delivered to the process but are ignored. If signals are specified, only that set of signals will be checked, otherwise all signals will be checked. - If -clear is specified, any signals returned are removed and will not be - returned by subsequent calls to signal check unless delivered again. + If -clear is specified, any signals returned are removed and will not be + returned by subsequent calls to signal check unless delivered again.
Note that signal handle and signal ignore represent two forms of signal -handling. signal handle is used in conjunction with catch -signal or try -signal -to immediately abort execution when the signal is delivered. Alternatively, signal ignore -is used in conjunction with signal check to handle signal synchronously. Consider the +
Note that signal handle and signal ignore represent two forms of signal +handling. signal handle is used in conjunction with catch -signal or try -signal +to immediately abort execution when the signal is delivered. Alternatively, signal ignore +is used in conjunction with signal check to handle signal synchronously. Consider the two examples below.
Prevent a processing from taking too long
source fileName
Read file fileName and pass the contents to the Tcl interpreter +
Read file fileName and pass the contents to the Tcl interpreter as a sequence of commands to execute in the normal fashion. The return -value of source is the return value of the last command executed +value of source is the return value of the last command executed from the file. If an error occurs in executing the contents of the -file, then the source command will return that error.
If a return command is invoked from within the file, the remainder of -the file will be skipped and the source command will return -normally with the result from the return command.
split string ?splitChars?
Returns a list created by splitting string at each character -that is in the splitChars argument.
Returns a list created by splitting string at each character +that is in the splitChars argument.
Each element of the result list will consist of the -characters from string between instances of the -characters in splitChars.
Empty list elements will be generated if string contains -adjacent characters in splitChars, or if the first or last -character of string is in splitChars.
If splitChars is an empty string then each character of -string becomes a separate element of the result list.
SplitChars defaults to the standard white-space characters. +characters from string between instances of the +characters in splitChars.
Empty list elements will be generated if string contains +adjacent characters in splitChars, or if the first or last +character of string is in splitChars.
If splitChars is an empty string then each character of +string becomes a separate element of the result list.
splitChars defaults to the standard white-space characters. For example,
stacktrace
Returns a live stack trace as a list of proc file line proc file line …. -Iteratively uses info frame to create the stack trace. This stack trace is in the -same form as produced by catch and info stacktrace
See also stackdump.
Returns a live stack trace as a list of proc file line proc file line .... +Iteratively uses info frame to create the stack trace. This stack trace is in the +same form as produced by catch and info stacktrace
See also stackdump.
string option arg ?arg …?
Perform one of several string operations, depending on option. +
string option arg ?arg ...?
Perform one of several string operations, depending on option. The legal options (which may be abbreviated) are:
Returns the length of the string in bytes. This will return - the same value as string length if UTF-8 support is not enabled, + the same value as string length if UTF-8 support is not enabled, or if the string is composed entirely of ASCII characters. See UTF-8 AND UNICODE.
+ Like string range except works on bytes rather than characters. + These commands are identical if UTF-8 support is not enabled. +
+- Perform a character-by-character comparison of strings string1 and - string2 in the same way as the C strcmp procedure. Return - -1, 0, or 1, depending on whether string1 is lexicographically - less than, equal to, or greater than string2. - Performs a case-insensitive comparison if -nocase is specified. + Perform a character-by-character comparison of strings string1 and + string2 in the same way as the C strcmp procedure. Return + -1, 0, or 1, depending on whether string1 is lexicographically + less than, equal to, or greater than string2. + Performs a case-insensitive comparison if -nocase is specified.
Returns 1 if the strings are equal, or 0 otherwise. - Performs a case-insensitive comparison if -nocase is specified. + Performs a case-insensitive comparison if -nocase is specified.
- Search string2 for a sequence of characters that exactly match - the characters in string1. If found, return the index of the - first character in the first such match within string2. If not - found, return -1. If firstIndex is specified, matching will start - from firstIndex of string1. + Search string2 for a sequence of characters that exactly match + the characters in string1. If found, return the index of the + first character in the first such match within string2. If not + found, return -1. If firstIndex is specified, matching will start + from firstIndex of string1.
- See STRING AND LIST INDEX SPECIFICATIONS for all allowed forms for firstIndex. + See STRING AND LIST INDEX SPECIFICATIONS for all allowed forms for firstIndex.
- Returns the charIndex'th character of the string - argument. A charIndex of 0 corresponds to the first + Returns the charIndexth character of the 'string + argument. A charIndex of 0 corresponds to the first character of the string. - If charIndex is less than 0 or greater than + If charIndex is less than 0 or greater than or equal to the length of the string then an empty string is returned.
@@ -5344,7 +5903,7 @@ The legal options (which may be abbreviated) are:- See STRING AND LIST INDEX SPECIFICATIONS for all allowed forms for charIndex. + See STRING AND LIST INDEX SPECIFICATIONS for all allowed forms for charIndex.
- Returns 1 if string is a valid member of the specified character - class, otherwise returns 0. If -strict is specified, then an - empty string returns 0, otherwise an empty string will return 1 - on any class. The following character classes are recognized - (the class name can be abbreviated): + Returns 1 if string is a valid member of the specified character + class, otherwise returns 0. If -strict is specified, then an + empty string returns 0, otherwise an empty string will return 1 + on any class. The following character classes are recognized + (the class name can be abbreviated):
+- Note that string classification does not respect UTF-8. See UTF-8 AND UNICODE + Note that string classification does not respect UTF-8. See UTF-8 AND UNICODE
- Search string2 for a sequence of characters that exactly match - the characters in string1. If found, return the index of the - first character in the last such match within string2. If there - is no match, then return -1. If lastIndex is specified, only characters - up to lastIndex of string2 will be considered in the match. + Search string2 for a sequence of characters that exactly match + the characters in string1. If found, return the index of the + first character in the last such match within string2. If there + is no match, then return -1. If lastIndex is specified, only characters + up to lastIndex of string2 will be considered in the match.
- See STRING AND LIST INDEX SPECIFICATIONS for all allowed forms for lastIndex. + See STRING AND LIST INDEX SPECIFICATIONS for all allowed forms for lastIndex.
- Returns a decimal string giving the number of characters in string. + Returns a decimal string giving the number of characters in string. If UTF-8 support is enabled, this may be different than the number of bytes. See UTF-8 AND UNICODE
+ Replaces substrings in string based on the key-value pairs in + mapping, which is a list of key value key value ... as in the form + returned by array get. Each instance of a key in the string will be + replaced with its corresponding value. If -nocase is specified, then + matching is done without regard to case differences. Both key and value may + be multiple characters. Replacement is done in an ordered manner, so the + key appearing first in the list will be checked first, and so on. string is + only iterated over once, so earlier key replacements will have no affect for + later key matches. For example, +
+string map {abc 1 ab 2 a 3 1 0} 1abcaababcabababc
++ will return the string 01321221. +
++ Note that if an earlier key is a prefix of a later one, it will completely mask the later + one. So if the previous example is reordered like this, +
+string map {1 0 ab 2 a 3 abc 1} 1abcaababcabababc
++ it will return the string 02c322c222c. +
+- See if pattern matches string; return 1 if it does, 0 + See if pattern matches string; return 1 if it does, 0 if it doesn’t. Matching is done in a fashion similar to that used by the C-shell. For the two strings to match, their contents must be identical except that the following special sequences - may appear in pattern: + may appear in pattern:
- Matches any sequence of characters in string, + Matches any sequence of characters in string, including a null string.
- Matches any single character in string. + Matches any single character in string.
- Matches any character in the set given by chars. - If a sequence of the form x-y appears in chars, - then any character between x and y, inclusive, + Matches any character in the set given by chars. + If a sequence of the form x-y appears in chars, + then any character between x and y, inclusive, will match.
- Matches the single character x. This provides a way of - avoiding the special interpretation of the characters `\*?[]\` - in pattern. + Matches the single character x. This provides a way of + avoiding the special interpretation of the characters \*?[] + in pattern.
- Performs a case-insensitive comparison if -nocase is specified. + Performs a case-insensitive comparison if -nocase is specified.
- Returns a range of consecutive characters from string, starting - with the character whose index is first and ending with the - character whose index is last. An index of 0 refers to the + Returns a range of consecutive characters from string, starting + with the character whose index is first and ending with the + character whose index is last. An index of 0 refers to the first character of the string.
- See STRING AND LIST INDEX SPECIFICATIONS for all allowed forms for first and last. + See STRING AND LIST INDEX SPECIFICATIONS for all allowed forms for first and last.
- If first is less than zero then it is treated as if it were zero, and - if last is greater than or equal to the length of the string then - it is treated as if it were end. If first is greater than - last then an empty string is returned. + If first is less than zero then it is treated as if it were zero, and + if last is greater than or equal to the length of the string then + it is treated as if it were end. If first is greater than + last then an empty string is returned.
- Returns a new string consisting of string repeated count times. + Returns a new string consisting of string repeated count times. +
++ Removes a range of consecutive characters from string, starting + with the character whose index is first and ending with the + character whose index is last. If newstring is specified, + then it is placed in the removed character range. If first is + less than zero then it is treated as if it were zero, and if last + is greater than or equal to the length of the string then it is + treated as if it were end. If first is greater than last + or the length of the initial string, or last is less than 0, + then the initial string is returned untouched.
- Returns a string that is the same length as string but + Returns a string that is the same length as string but with its characters in the reverse order.
- Returns a value equal to string except that all upper case + Returns a value equal to string except that all upper case letters have been converted to lower case.
+ Returns a value equal to string except that the first character + is converted to title case (or upper case if there is no UTF-8 titlecase variant) + and all remaining characters have been converted to lower case. +
+- Returns a value equal to string except that all lower case + Returns a value equal to string except that all lower case letters have been converted to upper case.
- Returns a value equal to string except that any leading - or trailing characters from the set given by chars are + Returns a value equal to string except that any leading + or trailing characters from the set given by chars are removed. - If chars is not specified then white space is removed + If chars is not specified then white space is removed (spaces, tabs, newlines, and carriage returns).
- Returns a value equal to string except that any - leading characters from the set given by chars are + Returns a value equal to string except that any + leading characters from the set given by chars are removed. - If chars is not specified then white space is removed + If chars is not specified then white space is removed (spaces, tabs, newlines, and carriage returns).
- Returns a value equal to string except that any - trailing characters from the set given by chars are + Returns a value equal to string except that any + trailing characters from the set given by chars are removed. - If chars is not specified then white space is removed + If chars is not specified then white space is removed (spaces, tabs, newlines, and carriage returns). Null characters are always removed.
@@ -5685,14 +6324,14 @@ fully-substituted result. The substitutions are performed in exactly the same way as for Tcl commands. As a result, the string argument is actually substituted twice, once by the Tcl parser in the usual fashion for Tcl commands, and again by the subst command.If any of the -nobackslashes, -nocommands, or -novariables are +
If any of the -nobackslashes, -nocommands, or -novariables are specified, then the corresponding substitutions are not performed. -For example, if -nocommands is specified, no command substitution +For example, if -nocommands is specified, no command substitution is performed: open and close brackets are treated as ordinary characters with no special interpretation.
Note: when it performs its substitutions, subst does not give any special treatment to double quotes or curly braces. For example, -the following script returns xyz {44}, not xyz {$a}.
set a 44
@@ -5701,14 +6340,14 @@ subst {xyz {$a}}
switch ?options? string pattern body ?pattern body …?
switch ?options? string {pattern body ?pattern body …?}
The switch command matches its string argument against each of +
switch ?options? string pattern body ?pattern body ...?
switch ?options? string {pattern body ?pattern body ...?}
The switch command matches its string argument against each of the pattern arguments in order. As soon as it finds a pattern that matches string it evaluates the following body and returns the result of that evaluation. If the last pattern argument is default then it matches anything. If no pattern argument matches string and -no default is given, then the switch command returns an empty string. +no default is given, then the switch command returns an empty string. If the initial arguments to switch start with - then they are treated as options. The following options are currently supported:
Marks the end of options. The argument following this one will be treated as string even if it starts - with a -. + with a -.
If a body is specified as - it means that the body for the next +
If a body is specified as - it means that the body for the next pattern should also be used as the body for this pattern (if the -next pattern also has a body of “-” then the body after that is +next pattern also has a body of - then the body after that is used, and so on). This feature makes it possible to share a single body among several patterns.
Below are some examples of switch commands:
Below are some examples of switch commands:
switch abc a - b {format 1} abc {format 2} default {format 3}
@@ -5810,8 +6449,8 @@ body among several patterns.tailcall cmd ?arg…?
The tailcall command provides an optimised way of invoking a command whilst replacing +
tailcall cmd ?arg...?
The tailcall command provides an optimised way of invoking a command whilst replacing the current call frame. This is similar to exec in Bourne Shell.
The following are identical except the first immediately replaces the current call frame.
return [uplevel 1 a b c]+
return [uplevel 1 [list a b c]]
tailcall is useful for a dispatch mechanism:
tailcall is useful as a dispatch mechanism:
proc a {cmd args} {
@@ -5837,24 +6476,24 @@ proc sub_cmd2 ...
tell fileId
fileId tell
Returns a decimal string giving the current access position in -fileId.
fileId must have been the return value from a previous call to -open, or it may be stdin, stdout, or stderr to refer to one +fileId.
fileId must have been the return value from a previous call to +open, or it may be stdin, stdout, or stderr to refer to one of the standard I/O channels.
throw code ?msg?
This command throws an exception (return) code along with an optional message. -This command is mostly for convenient usage with try.
The command throw break is equivalent to break. -The command throw 20 message can be caught with an on 20 … clause to try.
time command ?count?
This command will call the Tcl interpreter count -times to execute command (or once if count isn’t +
This command will call the Tcl interpreter count +times to execute command (or once if count isn’t specified). It will then return a string of the form
try ?catchopts? tryscript ?on returncodes {?resultvar? ?optsvar?} handlerscript …? ?finally finalscript?
The try command is provided as a convenience for exception handling.
This interpeter first evaluates tryscript under the effect of the catch -options catchopts (e.g. -signal -noexit --, see catch).
try ?catchopts? tryscript ?on returncodes {?resultvar? ?optsvar?} handlerscript ...? ?finally finalscript?
The try command is provided as a convenience for exception handling.
This interpeter first evaluates tryscript under the effect of the catch +options catchopts (e.g. -signal -noexit --, see catch).
It then evaluates the script for the first matching on handler -(there many be zero or more) based on the return code from the try +(there many be zero or more) based on the return code from the try section. For example a normal JIM_ERR error will be matched by an on error handler.
Finally, any finalscript is evaluated.
The result of this command is the result of tryscript, except in the +
Finally, any finalscript is evaluated.
The result of this command is the result of tryscript, except in the case where an exception occurs in a matching on handler script or the finally script, in which case the result is this new exception.
The specified returncodes is a list of return codes either as names (ok, error, break, etc.) +
The specified returncodes is a list of return codes either as names (ok, error, break, etc.) or as integers.
If resultvar and optsvar are specified, they are set as for catch before evaluating +
If resultvar and optsvar are specified, they are set as for catch before evaluating the matching handler.
For example:
If break, continue or error are raised, they are dealt with by the matching handler.
In any case, the file will be closed via the finally clause.
See also throw, catch, return, error.
If the Tcl interpreter encounters a command name for which there is not a defined command, then Tcl checks for the existence of -a command named unknown.
If there is no such command, then the interpreter returns an error.
If the unknown command exists, then it is invoked with +
If the unknown command exists, then it is invoked with arguments consisting of the fully-substituted name and arguments for the original non-existent command.
The unknown command typically does things like searching +
The unknown command typically does things like searching through library directories for a command procedure with the name -cmdName, or expanding abbreviated command names to full-length, +cmdName, or expanding abbreviated command names to full-length, or automatically executing unknown commands as UNIX sub-processes.
In some cases (such as expanding abbreviations) unknown will +
unset ?-nocomplain? ?--? ?name name …?
Remove variables. -Each name is a variable name, specified in any of the -ways acceptable to the set command.
If a name refers to an element of an array, then that +Each name is a variable name, specified in any of the +ways acceptable to the set command.
If a name refers to an element of an array, then that element is removed without affecting the rest of the array.
If a name consists of an array name with no parenthesized +
If a name consists of an array name with no parenthesized index, then the entire array is deleted.
The unset command returns an empty string as result.
The unset command returns an empty string as result.
An error occurs if any of the variables doesn’t exist, unless -nocomplain is specified. The -- argument may be specified to stop option processing in case the variable name may be -nocomplain.
upcall command ?args …?
May be used from within a proc defined as local proc in order to call +
May be used from within a proc defined as local proc in order to call the previous, hidden version of the same command.
If there is no previous definition of the command, an error is returned.
uplevel ?level? command ?command …?
All of the command arguments are concatenated as if they had -been passed to concat; the result is then evaluated in the -variable context indicated by level. Uplevel returns -the result of that evaluation. If level is an integer, then +
All of the command arguments are concatenated as if they had +been passed to concat; the result is then evaluated in the +variable context indicated by level. uplevel returns +the result of that evaluation. If level is an integer, then it gives a distance (up the procedure calling stack) to move before -executing the command. If level consists of # followed by -a number then the number gives an absolute level number. If level -is omitted then it defaults to 1. Level cannot be -defaulted if the first command argument starts with a digit or #.
For example, suppose that procedure a was invoked from top-level, and that it called b, and that b called c. -Suppose that c invokes the uplevel command. If level -is 1 or #2 or omitted, then the command will be executed -in the variable context of b. If level is 2 or #1 +Suppose that c invokes the uplevel command. If level +is 1 or #2 or omitted, then the command will be executed +in the variable context of b. If level is 2 or #1 then the command will be executed in the variable context of a.
If level is 3 or #0 then the command will be executed +
If level is 3 or #0 then the command will be executed at top-level (only global variables will be visible). -The uplevel command causes the invoking procedure to disappear +The uplevel command causes the invoking procedure to disappear from the procedure calling stack while the command is being executed. In the above example, suppose c invokes the command
uplevel 1 {set x 43; d}
where d is another Tcl procedure. The set command will +
where d is another Tcl procedure. The set command will modify the variable x in b’s context, and 'd will execute at level 3, as if called from b. If it in turn executes the command
uplevel {set x 42}
then the set command will modify the same variable x in b’s
+ then the set command will modify the same variable x in b’s
context: the procedure 'c does not appear to be on the call stack
-when d is executing. The command info level may
+when d is executing. The command info level may
be used to obtain the level of the current procedure. Uplevel makes it possible to implement new control
-constructs as Tcl procedures (for example, uplevel could
-be used to implement the while construct as a Tcl procedure).
-
+
This command arranges for one or more local variables in the current procedure to refer to variables in an enclosing procedure call or to global variables.
Level may have any of the forms permitted for the uplevel -command, and may be omitted if the first letter of the first otherVar -isn’t # or a digit (it defaults to 1).
For each otherVar argument, upvar makes the variable -by that name in the procedure frame given by level (or at -global level, if level is #0) accessible +
level may have any of the forms permitted for the uplevel +command, and may be omitted if the first letter of the first otherVar +isn’t # or a digit (it defaults to 1).
For each otherVar argument, upvar makes the variable +by that name in the procedure frame given by level (or at +global level, if level is #0) accessible in the current procedure by the name given in the corresponding -myVar argument.
The variable named by otherVar need not exist at the time of the -call; it will be created the first time myVar is referenced, just like +myVar argument.
The variable named by otherVar need not exist at the time of the +call; it will be created the first time myVar is referenced, just like an ordinary variable.
Upvar may only be invoked from within procedures.
Upvar returns an empty string.
The upvar command simplifies the implementation of call-by-name +
upvar may only be invoked from within procedures.
upvar returns an empty string.
The upvar command simplifies the implementation of call-by-name procedure calling and also makes it easier to build new control constructs as Tcl procedures. For example, consider the following procedure:
Add2 is invoked with an argument giving the name of a variable, +
add2 is invoked with an argument giving the name of a variable, and it adds two to the value of that variable. -Although add2 could have been implemented using uplevel -instead of upvar, upvar makes it simpler for add2 +Although add2 could have been implemented using uplevel +instead of upvar, upvar makes it simpler for add2 to access the variable in the caller’s procedure frame.
while test body
The while command evaluates test as an expression -(in the same way that expr evaluates its argument). +
The while command evaluates test as an expression +(in the same way that expr evaluates its argument). The value of the expression must be numeric; if it is non-zero -then body is executed by passing it to the Tcl interpreter.
Once body has been executed then test is evaluated -again, and the process repeats until eventually test -evaluates to a zero numeric value. Continue -commands may be executed inside body to terminate the current -iteration of the loop, and break -commands may be executed inside body to cause immediate -termination of the while command.
The while command always returns an empty string.
Once body has been executed then test is evaluated +again, and the process repeats until eventually test +evaluates to a zero numeric value. continue +commands may be executed inside body to terminate the current +iteration of the loop, and break +commands may be executed inside body to cause immediate +termination of the while command.
The while command always returns an empty string.
- Invokes waitpid(2), with WNOHANG if -nohang is specified. + Invokes waitpid(2), with WNOHANG if -nohang is specified. Returns a list of 3 elements.
Jim provides an alternative object-based API for I/O.
- Copy bytes to the file descriptor tofd. If size is specified, at most + Copy bytes to the file descriptor tofd. If size is specified, at most that many bytes will be copied. Otherwise copying continues until the end of the input file. Returns the number of bytes actually copied.
@@ -6179,7 +6818,7 @@ uid 1000 euid 1000 gid 100 egid 100Returns the original filename associated with the handle. - Handles returned by socket give the socket type instead of a filename. + Handles returned by socket give the socket type instead of a filename.
Returns the original filename used when opening the file. - If the handle was returned from socket, the type of the + If the handle was returned from socket, the type of the handle is returned instead.
+ Sets the buffering mode of the stream. +
+- Sends the string, str, to the given address via the socket using sendto(2). + Sends the string, str, to the given address via the socket using sendto(2). This is intended for udp sockets and may give an error or behave in unintended ways for other handle types. Returns the number of bytes written. @@ -6259,14 +6906,45 @@ uid 1000 euid 1000 gid 100 egid 100
Receives a message from the handle via recvfrom(2) and returns it. - At most maxlen bytes are read. - If addrvar is specified, the sending address of the message is stored in - the named variable in the form addr:port. See socket for details. + At most maxlen bytes are read. + If addrvar is specified, the sending address of the message is stored in + the named variable in the form addr:port. See socket for details.
+ For compatibility with Tcl, a limited form of the fconfigure + command is supported. +
++fconfigure ... -blocking maps to aio ndelay +
++fconfigure ... -buffering maps to aio buffering +
++fconfigure ... -translation is accepted but ignored +
+The following commands allow a script to be invoked when the given condition occurs. If no script is given, returns the current script. If the given script is the empty, the @@ -6297,14 +6975,14 @@ handler is removed.
For compatibility with Tcl, these may be prefixed with fileevent. e.g.
For compatibility with Tcl, these may be prefixed with fileevent. e.g.
- fileevent $handle readable … + fileevent $handle readable ...
The scripts are concatenated and executed after the given number of milliseconds have elapsed. If idle is specified, the script will run the next time the event loop is processed - with vwait or update. The script is only run once and + with vwait or update. The script is only run once and then removed. Returns an event id.
- Cancels an after event with the given event id or matching + Cancels an after event with the given event id or matching command (script). Returns the number of milliseconds remaining until the event would have fired. Returns the empty string if no matching event is found. @@ -6347,10 +7025,10 @@ handler is removed.
- If id is not given, returns a list of current after - events. If id is given, returns a list containing the + If id is not given, returns a list of current after + events. If id is given, returns a list containing the associated script and either timer or idle to indicated - the type of the event. An error occurs if id does not + the type of the event. An error occurs if id does not match an event.
- A call to vwait is enters the eventloop. vwait processes + A call to vwait is enters the eventloop. vwait processes events until the named (global) variable changes or all event handlers are removed. The variable need not exist - beforehand. If there are no event handlers defined, vwait + beforehand. If there are no event handlers defined, vwait returns immediately.
- A call to update enters the eventloop to process expired events, but + A call to update enters the eventloop to process expired events, but no new events. If idletasks is specified, only expired time events are handled, not file events. Returns once handlers have been run for all expired events. @@ -6379,8 +7057,8 @@ handler is removed.
Scripts are executed at the global scope. If an error occurs during a handler script, -an attempt is made to call (the user-defined command) bgerror with the details of the error. -If the bgerror commands does not exist, it is printed to stderr instead.
If a file event handler script generates an error, the handler is automatically removed to prevent infinite errors. (A time event handler is always removed after execution).
- A TCP socket server (addr defaults to 0.0.0.0 for IPv4 or [::] for IPv6). + A TCP socket server (addr defaults to 0.0.0.0 for IPv4 or [::] for IPv6).
The address, addr, can be given in one of the following forms:
The address, addr, can be given in one of the following forms:
@@ -6505,7 +7183,7 @@ A hostname
Note that on many systems, listening on an IPv6 address such as [::] will also accept requests via IPv4.
Where a hostname is specified, the first returned address is used +
Where a hostname is specified, the first returned address is used which matches the socket type is used.
The special type pipe isn’t really a socket.
The optional pack extension provides commands to encode and decode binary strings.
+ Packs the binary representation of value into the variable + varName. The value is packed according to the given type + (integer/string, big-endian/little-endian), width and bit offset. + The variable is created if necessary (like append). + Ihe variable is expanded if necessary. +
++ Unpacks bits from binvalue at bit position bitpos and with bitwidth. + Interprets the value according to the type (integer/string, big-endian/little-endian + and signed/unsigned) and returns it. For integer types, bitwidth + may be up to the size of a Jim Tcl integer (typically 64 bits). For the string type, + both the width and the offset must be on a byte boundary (multiple of 8). Attempting to + access outside the length of the value will return 0 for integer types or the empty string + for the string type. +
+The optional, pure-Tcl binary extension provides the Tcl-compatible binary scan and binary format +commands based on the low-level pack and unpack commands.
See the Tcl documentation at: http://www.tcl.tk/man/tcl8.5/TclCmd/binary.htm
Note that packing and unpacking of floating point values is not supported.
The optional, pure-Tcl oo extension provides object-oriented (OO) support for Jim Tcl.
See the online documentation (http://jim.berlios.de/documentation/oo/) for more details.
+ Create a new class, classname, with the given dictionary + (classvars) as class variables. These are the initial variables + which all newly created objects of this class are initialised with. + If a list of baseclasses is given, methods and instance variables + are inherited. +
++ From within a method, invokes the given method on the base class. + Note that this will only call the last baseclass given. +
+The optional, pure-Tcl tree extension implements an OO, general purpose tree structure +similar to that provided by tcllib ::struct::tree (http://tcllib.sourceforge.net/doc/struct_tree.html)
A tree is a collection of nodes, where each node (except the root node) has a single parent +and zero or more child nodes (ordered), as well as zero or more attribute/value pairs.
+ Creates and returns a new tree object with a single node named "root". + All operations on the tree are invoked through this object. +
++ Destroy the tree and all it’s nodes. (Note that the the tree will also + be automatically garbage collected once it goes out of scope). +
++ Set the value for the given attribute key. +
++ Append to the (list) value(s) for the given attribute key, or set if not yet set. +
++ Returns 1 if the given attribute key exists. +
++ Returns the value associated with the given attribute key. +
++ Returns the entire attribute dictionary associated with the given key. +
++ Returns the depth of the given node. The depth of "root" is 0. +
++ Returns the node name of the parent node, or "" for the root node. +
++ Returns the number of child nodes. +
++ Returns a list of the child nodes. +
++ Returns the next sibling node, or "" if none. +
++ Add a new child node to the given node. The index is a list index + such as 3 or end-2. The default index is end. + Returns the name of the newly added node. +
++ Walks the tree starting from the given node, either breadth first (bfs) + depth first (dfs). + The value "enter" or "exit" is stored in variable actionvar. + The name of each node is stored in nodevar. + The script is evaluated twice for each node, on entry and exit. +
++ Dumps the tree contents to stdout +
+The optional tclprefix extension provides the Tcl8.6-compatible tcl::prefix command +(http://www.tcl.tk/man/tcl8.6/TclCmd/prefix.htm) for matching strings against a table +of possible values (typically commands or options).
+ Returns a list of all elements in table that begin with the prefix string. +
++ Returns the longest common prefix of all elements in table that begin with the prefix string. +
++ If string equals one element in table or is a prefix to + exactly one element, the matched element is returned. If not, the + result depends on the -error option. +
++ Accept only exact matches. +
++ Use string in the error message at a mismatch. Default is "option". +
++ The options are used when no match is found. If options is + empty, no error is generated and an empty string is returned. + Otherwise the options are used as return options when + generating the error message. The default corresponds to + setting -level 0. +
+The optional history extension provides script access to the command line editing +and history support available in jimsh. See examples/jtclsh.tcl for an example. +Note: if line editing support is not available, history getline acts like gets and +the remaining subcommands do nothing.
+ Load history from a (text) file. If the file does not exist or is not readable, + it is ignored. +
++ Displays the given prompt and allows a line to be entered. Similarly to gets, + if varname is given, it receives the line and the length of the line is returned, + or -1 on EOF. If varname is not given, the line is returned directly. +
++ Adds the given line to the history buffer. +
++ Saves the current history buffer to the given file. +
++ Displays the current history buffer to standard output. +
+Provides namespace-related functions. See also: http://www.tcl.tk/man/tcl8.6/TclCmd/namespace.htm
+ Captures the current namespace context for later execution of + the script script. It returns a new script in which script has + been wrapped in a namespace inscope command. +
++ Returns the fully-qualified name for the current namespace. +
++ Deletes all commands and variables with the given namespace prefixes. +
++ Activates a namespace called namespace and evaluates some code in that context. +
++ Returns the fully-qualified name of the original command to which the imported command command refers. +
++ Returns the fully-qualified name of the parent namespace for namespace namespace, if given, otherwise + for the current namespace. +
++ Returns any leading namespace qualifiers for string +
++ Returns the simple name at the end of a qualified string. +
++ This command arranges for zero or more local variables in the current procedure to refer to variables in namespace +
++ Looks up name as either a command (the default) or variable and returns its fully-qualified name. +
+tcl_platform(byteOrder) = littleEndian -tcl_platform(os) = Darwin -tcl_platform(platform) = unix -tcl_platform(pointerSize) = 8 -tcl_platform(threaded) = 0 -tcl_platform(wordSize) = 8+
tcl_platform(byteOrder) = littleEndian +tcl_platform(os) = Darwin +tcl_platform(platform) = unix +tcl_platform(pointerSize) = 8 +tcl_platform(threaded) = 0 +tcl_platform(wordSize) = 8 +tcl_platform(pathSeparator) = :
-source now checks that a script is complete (.i.e. not missing a brace) +source now checks that a script is complete (.i.e. not missing a brace)
-Better access to live stack frames with info frame, stacktrace and stackdump +Better access to live stack frames with info frame, stacktrace and stackdump
-tailcall no longer loses stack trace information +tailcall no longer loses stack trace information
-lambda, alias and curry are implemented via tailcall for efficiency +lambda, alias and curry are implemented via tailcall for efficiency
-local allows procedures to be deleted automatically at the end of the current procedure +local allows procedures to be deleted automatically at the end of the current procedure
-It is now possible to return from within try +It is now possible to return from within try
-exec now sets $::errorCode, and catch sets opts(-errorcode) for exit status +exec now sets $::errorCode, and catch sets opts(-errorcode) for exit status
-pid can now return pids of a command pipeline +pid can now return pids of a command pipeline
-Add support for after ms, after idle, after info, update +Add support for after 'ms, 'after idle, after info, update
-exec now sets environment based on $::env +exec now sets environment based on $::env
-Add support to exec for >&, >>&, |&, 2>@1 +Add support to exec for >&, >>&, |&, 2>@1
-Fix exec error messages when special token (e.g. >) is the last token +Fix exec error messages when special token (e.g. >) is the last token
-Fix subst handling of backslash escapes. +Fix subst handling of backslash escapes.
-Allow abbreviated options for subst +Allow abbreviated options for subst
-Add support for return, break, continue in subst +Add support for return, break, continue in subst
-Many expr bug fixes +Many expr bug fixes
-Add support for functions in expr (e.g. int(), abs()), and also in, ni list operations +Add support for functions in expr (e.g. int(), abs()), and also in, ni list operations
-The variable name argument to regsub is now optional +The variable name argument to regsub is now optional
-Add support for list commands: lassign, lrepeat +Add support for list commands: lassign, lrepeat
-Fully-functional lsearch is now implemented +Fully-functional lsearch is now implemented
-Allow catch to determine what return codes are caught +Allow catch to determine what return codes are caught
-Allow incr to increment an unset variable by first setting to 0 +Allow incr to increment an unset variable by first setting to 0
-Allow args and optional arguments to the left or required arguments in proc +Allow args and optional arguments to the left or required arguments in proc